Falls, healthcare resources and costs in older adults with insomnia treated with zolpidem, trazodone, or benzodiazepines

Table 2 All cause healthcare resource utilization in the insomnia treated and matched control cohorts

Category	Overall Patient
Category	N (%)	Estimated Mean	Estimated Mean Ratio with 95% CI	P-value^a
Inpatient Visits
Number of visits per month
Treated Patients	315,679 (18.6%)	0.13	1.29 (1.28,1.30)	< .001
Matched Control Cohort	83,826 (4.9%)	0.10
Length of inpatient stay among those with inpatient visits (days)
Treated Patients	315,679 (18.6%)	10.81	1.52 (1.52, 1.53)	< .001
Matched Control Cohort	83,826 (4.9%)	7.10
ED Visits
Number of visits per month
Treated Patients	374,441(22.0%)	0.15	1.30 (1.297,1.31)	< .001
Matched Control Cohort	146,947 (8.6%)	0.12
Outpatient Visits
Number of visits per month
Treated Patients	868,655 (51.1%)	0.56	1.49 (1.48,1.49)	< .001
Matched Control Cohort	595,020 (35.0%)	0.37

Abbreviations: CI, Confidence interval, ED Emergency department
^aMean estimated using a generalized linear model with a Gamma distribution and log link function while adjusting for age, sex, race, geographic region and Charlson Comorbidity Index score
Empty cells represent values not available for analysis. OR adjusted model is not feasible, due to the small sample size
Patients with 1 + MVA, or 1 + fall and MVA, represented a negligible population and were excluded as motor vehicle insurance may have covered healthcare costs

ISSN: 1471-2318