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Table 5 Adjusted estimates of the association of prevalence of T2DM status at 5-year follow-up with change in cognitive performance between first and second cognitive assessment (5-year follow up of ESTHER cohort in 2005–2007 and 8-year follow-up in 2008–2010, N = 732) using the reliable change index

From: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive decline in older adults in Germany – results from a population-based cohort

 

Generalized linear models, adjusted estimatesa for COGTEL scores

Model 1

β (95%CI)

Model 2

β (95%CI)

Model 3

β (95%CI)

Working memory

-0.23 (-0.42 to -0.05)

-0.23 (-0.41 to -0.05)

-0.25 (-0.44 to -0.06)

Inductive reasoning

-0.004 (-0.19 to 0.18)

-0.007 (-0.19 to 0.18)

-0.03 (-0.22 to 0.16)

Verbal short-term memory

-0.11 (-0.29 to 0.08)

-0.11 (-0.29 to 0.08)

-0.14 (-0.33 to 0.04)

Verbal long-term memory

-0.06 (-0.24 to 0.13)

-0.05 (-0.24 to 0.13)

-0.09 (-0.28 to 0.09)

Verbal fluency

-0.08 (-0.27 to 0.10)

-0.09 (-0.27 to 0.10)

-0.10 (-0.28 to 0.09)

Global cognitive function (COGTEL score)

-0.11 (-0.29 to 0.07)

-0.11 (-0.29 to 0.07)

-0.15 (-0.33 to 0.04)

Age equivalent of difference in global cognitive function (years)

3.4

3.4

4.4

  1. aModel 1 adjusted for age, sex, education and hearing impairment
  2. Model 2 additionally adjusted for APOE genotype
  3. Model 3 additionally adjusted for BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, presence of stroke, hypertension, CHD, depression, and sleeping disorder