Table 1 Participant characteristics by T2DM status at first cognitive assessment (5-year follow up of ESTHER cohort, 2005–2007)
T2DM | T2DM-free | |
|---|---|---|
N (%) | 143 (19.5) | 589 (80.5) |
Age in years, Mean (SD) | 74.3 (2.8) | 73.7 (2.7) |
Sex (N, %) | ||
Female | 75 (52.4) | 339 (57.6) |
Male | 68 (47.6) | 250 (42.4) |
School education, N (%) | ||
≤ 9 years | 99 (69.2) | 379 (64.4) |
> 9 years | 44 (30.8) | 210 (35.6) |
BMIa, kg/m.2, N (%) | ||
≤ 25 | 24 (16.8) | 190 (32.3) |
25–30 | 65 (45.4) | 297 (50.4) |
> 30 | 54 (37.8) | 102 (17.3) |
APOE e4 carrier, N (%) | ||
Yes | 35 (24.5) | 157 (26.7) |
No | 108 (75.5) | 432 (73.3) |
HbA1c in %b, Mean (SD) | 6.6 (0.9) | 5.6 (0.4) |
History of stroke, N (%) | ||
Yes | 17 (11.9) | 29 (4.9) |
No | 126 (88.1) | 560 (95.1) |
History of hypertension, N (%) | ||
Yes | 110 (76.9) | 382 (64.9) |
No | 33 (23.1) | 207 (35.1) |
History of CHD, N (%) | ||
Yes | 44 (30.8) | 130 (22.1) |
No | 99 (69.2) | 459 (77.9) |
History of depression, N (%) | ||
Yes | 15 (10.5) | 89 (15.1) |
No | 128 (89.5) | 500 (84.9) |
Smoking, N (%) | ||
Never | 86 (60.1) | 361 (61.3) |
Former | 50 (35.0) | 197 (33.5) |
Current | 7 (4.9) | 31 (5.3) |
Alcohol consumptionc, N (%) | ||
None | 56 (39.2) | 173 (29.4) |
Low-to-moderate | 67 (46.8) | 270 (45.8) |
High | 20 (14.0) | 146 (24.8) |
Sleeping disorder, N (%) | ||
Never | 30 (21.0) | 152 (25.8) |
Rarely | 36 (25.2) | 128 (21.7) |
Sometimes | 48 (33.5) | 187 (31.8) |
Most of the time | 19 (13.3) | 93 (15.8) |
Always | 10 (7.0) | 29 (4.9) |
Hearing impairment, N (%) | ||
Yes | 10 (7.0) | 36 (6.1) |
No | 133 (93.0) | 553 (93.9) |