Table 2 Selected propensity score weighted 2015 background characteristics of community-dwelling NHATS participants based on 2016 financial strain status (n = 4,335)
| Â | No financial strain | Financial strain | p value | Standardized mean difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | 4,062 (50) | 268 (50) | 0.69 | -0.038 |
Age % | Â | Â | 0.69 | -0.04 |
 65 to 69 (ref.) | 33.0 | 44.9 |  |  |
 70 to 74 | 29.1 | 21.3 |  |  |
 75 to 79 | 19.5 | 15.0 |  |  |
 80 to 84 | 11.0 | 12.7 |  |  |
 85 to 89 | 5.6 | 5.0 |  |  |
 90 +  | 1.8 | 1.1 |  |  |
Gender % | Â | Â | 0.76 | -0.03 |
 Male (ref.) | 44.8 | 48.8 |  |  |
 Female | 55.2 | 51.2 |  |  |
Race/ethnicity % | Â | Â | 0.81 | -0.02 |
 White (ref.) | 82.1 | 83.4 |  |  |
 Black | 7.8 | 6.8 |  |  |
 Hispanic | 7.2 | 7.2 |  |  |
 Other | 2.9 | 2.6 |  |  |
 Mean income to poverty ratio mean (SE) | 4.4 (0.2) | 4.7 (1.5) | 0.85 | 0.02 |
Educational achievement % | Â | Â | 0.71 | 0.03 |
 < High school (ref) | 14.7 | 16.5 |  |  |
 High school | 25.1 | 23.5 |  |  |
 Some college | 29.5 | 14.7 |  |  |
 Bachelors or higher | 30.7 | 45.3 |  |  |
Occupation % | Â | Â | 0.82 | -0.01 |
 Professional (ref.) | 41.0 | 40.4 |  |  |
 Service | 11.1 | 6.9 |  |  |
 Sales/office | 20.8 | 31.4 |  |  |
 Construction/farming | 9.9 | 8.7 |  |  |
 Production | 15.3 | 10.8 |  |  |
 Homemaker | 1.9 | 1.7 |  |  |
Homeownership % | Â | Â | 0.09 | -0.15 |
 Rent (ref.) | 19.9 | 20.3 |  |  |
 Own with mortgage | 30.5 | 49.5 |  |  |
 Own without payments | 49.6 | 30.2 |  |  |
Retirement status % | Â | Â | 0.96 | 0.00 |
 No (ref.) | 56.1 | 55.5 |  |  |
 Yes | 43.9 | 44.5 |  |  |
Section 8 housing % |  |  | 0.99 | 0.00 |
 No (ref.) | 96.4 | 96.4 |  |  |
 Yes | 3.6 | 3.6 |  |  |
Medicaid (%) | Â | Â | 0.93 | -0.00 |
 No (ref.) | 89.9 | 90.1 |  |  |
 Yes | 10.1 | 9.9 |  |  |
Food or energy assistance % | Â | Â | 0.67 | -0.03 |
 No (ref.) | 90.2 | 91.5 |  |  |
 Yes | 9.8 | 8.5 |  |  |
Childhood health % | Â | Â | 0.43 | -0.07 |
 Excellent (ref.) | 52.3 | 62.8 |  |  |
 Very good | 26.9 | 20.3 |  |  |
 Good | 14.9 | 11.9 |  |  |
 Fair | 4.5 | 4.1 |  |  |
 Poor | 1.3 | 0.8 |  |  |
Marital status % | Â | Â | 0.91 | -0.02 |
 Married (ref.) | 60.0 | 64.8 |  |  |
 Separated/divorced | 14.5 | 8.9 |  |  |
 Widowed | 22.2 | 21.2 |  |  |
 Never married | 3.3 | 5.1 |  |  |
U.S. region % | Â | Â | 0.76 | -0.02 |
 New England (ref.) | 5.9 | 2.1 |  |  |
 Mid-Atlantic | 11.5 | 23.4 |  |  |
 East North Central | 13.9 | 7.3 |  |  |
 West North Central | 10.0 | 9.9 |  |  |
 South Atlantic | 20.2 | 17.6 |  |  |
 East South Central | 6.8 | 15.5 |  |  |
 West South Central | 11.4 | 7.2 |  |  |
 Mountain | 3.2 | 4.9 |  |  |
 Pacific | 17.0 | 12.2 |  |  |