| |
No financial strain
|
Financial strain
|
p value
|
Standardized mean difference
|
|---|
|
N (%)
|
4,062 (94)
|
273 (6)
|
0.0001
|
-0.31
|
|
Age %
| | |
0.0001
|
-0.31
|
|
65 to 69 (ref.)
|
32.1
|
42.9
| | |
|
70 to 74
|
29.3
|
31.0
| | |
|
75 to 79
|
19.5
|
15.4
| | |
|
80 to 84
|
11.3
|
7.9
| | |
|
85 to 89
|
5.7
|
2.3
| | |
|
90 +
|
2.0
|
0.5
| | |
|
Gender %
| | |
0.19
|
0.09
|
|
Male (ref.)
|
45.2
|
39.5
| | |
|
Female
|
54.8
|
60.5
| | |
|
Race/ethnicity %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.38
|
|
White (ref.)
|
83.3
|
54.0
| | |
|
Black
|
7.2
|
21.2
| | |
|
Hispanic
|
6.7
|
16.9
| | |
|
Other
|
2.8
|
7.9
| | |
|
Mean income to poverty ratio mean (SE)
|
4.6 (0.2)
|
2.1 (0.3)
|
< 0.0001
|
-0.25
|
|
Educational achievement %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
-0.23
|
|
< High school (ref)
|
14.1
|
27.5
| | |
|
High school
|
25.1
|
25.3
| | |
|
Some college
|
29.4
|
31.1
| | |
|
Bachelors or higher
|
31.3
|
16.1
| | |
|
Occupation %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.16
|
|
Professional (ref.)
|
41.6
|
26.1
| | |
|
Service
|
10.8
|
20.8
| | |
|
Sales/office
|
20.7
|
20.7
| | |
|
Construction/farming
|
10.1
|
9.7
| | |
|
Production
|
14.8
|
21.8
| | |
|
Homemaker
|
2.0
|
0.9
| | |
|
Homeownership %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
-0.69
|
|
Rent (ref.)
|
18.6
|
47.3
| | |
|
Own with mortgage
|
30.3
|
36.6
| | |
|
Own without payments
|
51.3
|
16.1
| | |
|
Retirement status %
| | |
0.42
|
-0.03
|
|
No (ref.)
|
55.7
|
58.9
| | |
|
Yes
|
44.3
|
41.1
| | |
|
Section 8 housing %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.27
|
|
No (ref.)
|
97.0
|
87.8
| | |
|
Yes
|
3.0
|
12.2
| | |
|
Medicaid (%)
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.30
|
|
No (ref.)
|
90.7
|
75.2
| | |
|
Yes
|
9.3
|
24.8
| | |
|
Food or energy assistance %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.47
|
|
No (ref.)
|
91.7
|
65.7
| | |
|
Yes
|
8.3
|
34.3
| | |
|
Childhood health %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.26
|
|
Excellent (ref.)
|
52.5
|
38.7
| | |
|
Very good
|
27.0
|
26.4
| | |
|
Good
|
14.7
|
22.0
| | |
|
Fair
|
4.5
|
7.3
| | |
|
Poor
|
1.3
|
5.5
| | |
|
Marital status %
| | |
< 0.0001
|
0.22
|
|
Married (ref.)
|
61.1
|
42.2
| | |
|
Separated/divorced
|
13.6
|
29.4
| | |
|
Widowed
|
22.0
|
23.9
| | |
|
Never married
|
3.3
|
4.6
| | |
|
U.S. region %
| | |
0.19
|
-0.05
|
|
New England (ref.)
|
5.8
|
5.7
| | |
|
Mid-Atlantic
|
11.8
|
16.2
| | |
|
East North Central
|
13.9
|
11.7
| | |
|
West North Central
|
9.8
|
11.2
| | |
|
South Atlantic
|
20.1
|
17.7
| | |
|
East South Central
|
6.7
|
6.0
| | |
|
West South Central
|
11.0
|
16.6
| | |
|
Mountain
|
3.1
|
2.6
| | |
|
Pacific
|
17.9
|
12.3
| | |
- Sampling weights were applied to all analyses so that inferences can be drawn to 2017 population of US adults aged 67 and older. Boldface indicates statistical significance
- NHATS National Health and Aging Trends Study
