Table 1 Baseline data
From: Improving individualized prescription in patients with multimorbidity through medication review
Baseline data (n = 428) | Mean [sd] | Frequency (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||
Age,mean [sd] | 85.52 (7.67) | ||
Sex | Men | 143 (33.4%) | |
Women | 285 (66.6%) | ||
Origin | Home | 210 (49.1%) | |
Nursing Home | 218 (50.9%) | ||
Clinical, functional, and cognitive data | |||
Medication management (only patients living at home) (n = 210) | 57 (27.1%) | ||
Barthel Index, mean [sd] | 49.93 (32.14) | ||
Barthel Index | Independence: BI ≥ 95 | 51 (11.9%) | |
Mild dependence: BI 90–65 | 120 (28.0%) | ||
Moderate dependence: BI 60–25 | 129 (30.2%) | ||
Severe dependence: BI ≤ 20 | 128 (29.9%) | ||
Cognitive status | No dementia | 112 (26.2%) | |
Mild dementia | 62 (14.5%) | ||
Moderate dementia (from GDS 5 to GDS 6B) | 112 (26.2%) | ||
Advanced dementia (from GDS 6C) | 142 (33.1%) | ||
Geriatric syndromes, mean [sd] | 2.92 (1.52) | ||
Type of geriatric syndrome | Falls | 144 (33.6%) | |
Dysphagia | 84 (19.6%) | ||
Pain | 99 (23.1%) | ||
Depressive syndrome | 198 (46.3%) | ||
Insomnia | 229 (53.5%) | ||
Morbidities, mean [sd] | 4.91 (2.16) | ||
Most frequent morbidities | Hypertension | 290 (67.8%) | |
Chronic renal failure | 186 (43.5%) | ||
T2DM | 110 (25.7%) | ||
Heart Failure | 88 (20.6%) | ||
Morbidities | 1–2 | 43 (10.0%) | |
3–4 | 168 (39.3%) | ||
5 or more | 217 (50.7%) | ||
Charlson Index, mean [sd] | 3.26 (2.27) | ||
Frailty index, mean [sd] | 0.39 (0.13) | ||
Frailty index, degrees | No frailty (0–0.19) | 32 (7.5%) | |
Mild frailty (0.20–0.35) | 113 (26.4%) | ||
Moderate frailty (0.36–0.50) | 201 (47.0%) | ||
Severe frailty (> 0.50) | 82 (19.1%) | ||
End-of-life patients | 155 (36.2%) | ||
Therapeutic goal | Survival | 41 (9.6%) | |
Functionality | 223 (52.1%) | ||
Symptomatic | 164 (38.3%) | ||
Pharmacological data | |||
Number of chronic medications, mean [sd] | 8.13 (3.88) | ||
Polypharmacy, degree | 0–4 medications | 80 (18.7%) | |
5–9 medications | 205 (47.9%) | ||
10 or more medications | 143 (33.4%) | ||
MRCI, mean [sd] | 30.74 (16.26) | ||
MRCI, degree | Low complexity (0–19.99) | 109 (25.5%) | |
Moderate complexity (20–39.99) | 208 (48.6%) | ||
High complexity (40 or more) | 111 (25.9%) | ||
DBI, mean [sd] | 1.17 (0.84) | ||
DBI, degree | Low DBI (0–0.99) | 70 (16.4%) | |
Moderate DBI (1–1.99) | 197 (46.0%) | ||
High DBI (2 or more) | 161 (37.6%) | ||
Inappropriate Prescriptions (IP), mean [sd] | 3.14 (2.27) | ||
IP | 0 IP | 43 (10.0%) | |
1 or more IP | 385 (90.0%) | ||
2 or more IP | 322 (75.2%) | ||
3 or more IP | 246 (57.5%) | ||