Age and sex-specific associations between depressive symptoms, body mass index and cognitive functioning among Korean middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional analysis

Table 3 Sex-specific direct and indirect relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning through BMI

Variables	Mediator					Outcome
	BMI					Cognitive Functioning
	\(\beta\)	SE	t		p	\(\beta\)	SE		t		p
CES-D × Sex^a1	-0.053^**	0.025	-2.105		0.035
Sex^a1	-0.115	0.109	-1.051		0.294
CES-D	-0.016	0.017	-0.916		0.360	-0.297^**	0.022		-13.833		0.000
BMI						0.076^**	0.021		3.549		0.000
Covariates
Age	-0.037^**	0.005	-7.584		0.000	-0.190^**	0.008		-24.637		0.000
Family income^b	0.060	0.046	1.292		0.197	0.293^**	0.074		3.963		0.000
ADL	-0.115^**	0.045	-2.560		0.011	-1.800^**	0.072		-24.993		0.000
Married^a2	0.006	0.094	0.065		0.948	0.908^**	0.144		6.327		0.000
Meet friends^a3	-0.111	0.095	-1.173		0.241	1.632^**	0.152		10.745		0.000
Good health^a4	-0.280^**	0.086	-3.251		0.001	0.682^**	0.138		4.946		0.000
Regular exercise^a5	0.147^*	0.077	1.902		0.057	1.196^**	0.124		9.681		0.000
	R² = 0.026, F (10, 5608) = 14.830, p < .000					R² = 0.402, F (9, 5609) = 418.371, p < 0.000
	Indirect relationship between Depressive Symptoms and Cognitive Function through BMI
Sex	Estimate			SE				95% LLCI		95% ULCI
Women	-0.001			0.002				-0.005		0.002
Men	-0.005^**			0.002				-0.010		-0.002
	The Difference in Indirect relationship across Men and Women
	Estimated difference			SE				95% LLCI		95% ULCI
Men-Women	-0.0040^**			0.0024				-0.0094		-0.0001

Abbreviations: SE Standard errors, t is t-statistics and p is the corresponding p-value
^aDummy variable indicating group: ¹ = Men; ² = Currently married with a living spouse; ³ = Meet friends at least once a month; ⁴ = have a good health status; ⁵ = Exercise regularly
^bLogarithm of family income is used in the estimation model
Standard errors are bootstrapped using 5,000 bootstrap replications
^** p < 0.05; ^* p < 0.10

ISSN: 1471-2318