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Table 1 Socio-demographic and sleep characteristics of adults by metabolic syndrome

From: Sleep characteristic profiles and the correlation with spectrum of metabolic syndrome among older adult: a cross-sectional study

Variable

Total (n = 1499)

Metabolic syndrome

P

Yes (n = 449)

No (n = 1050)

Age

72.39 ± 5.65

71.81 ± 5.41

72.64 ± 5.74

0.008

Gender

   

 < 0.001

  male

668(44.6)

161(35.9)

507(48.3)

 

  female

831(55.4)

288(64.1)

543(51.7)

 

BMI

24.08 ± 3.54

26.32 ± 3.26

23.12 ± 3.20

 < 0.001

Educational attainment

   

0.644

  Illiteracy

664(44.3)

207(46.1)

457(43.5)

 

  Primary school

549(36.6)

158(35.2)

391(37.2)

 

  junior school

286(19.1)

84(18.7)

202(19.2)

 

Marital

   

0.053

  Single

264(17.6)

66(14.7)

198(18.9)

 

  Married

1235(82.4)

383(85.3)

852(81.8)

 

Smoking

   

0.974

  Never

1137(75.9)

342(76.2)

795(75.7)

 

  Former

93(6.2)

27(6.0)

66(6.3)

 

  Current

269(17.9)

80(17.4)

189(18.0)

 

Alcohol use

   

0.199

  Never

1247(83.2)

365(81.3)

882(84.0)

 

  Drinker

252(16.8)

84(18.7)

168(16.0)

 

Physical activity

   

0.346

  Active

662(44.2)

259(57.7)

578(55.0)

 

  Inactive

837(55.8)

190(42.3)

472(45.0)

 

Depression

   

0.357

  No depression

1298(86.6)

390(86.9)

908(86.5)

 

  Mild depression

151(10.1)

40(8.9)

111(10.6)

 

  Moderate to depression

27(1.8)

8(1.8)

19(1.8)

 

  Moderate to severe depression

19(1.3)

9(2.0)

10(1.0)

 

  Major depression

4(0.3)

2(0.4)

2(0.2)

 

PSQI

Subjective sleep quality

   

0.463

  Very good

490(32.7)

153(34.1)

337(32.1)

 

  General

791(52.8)

229(51.0)

562(53.5)

 

  Bad

186(12.4)

54(12.0)

132(12.6)

 

  Very bad

32(2.1)

13(2.9)

19(1.8)

 

Sleep efficiency

   

0.172

  ≥ 85%

843(56.2)

254(56.6)

589(56.1)

 

  75% ~ 84%

303(20.2)

101(22.5)

202(19.2)

 

  < 75%

353(23.5)

94(20.9)

159(24.7)

 

Sleep duration

   

0.824

  6-8 h

1134(75.7)

336(74.8)

798(76.0)

 

  < 6 h

180(12.0)

54(12.0)

126(12.0)

 

  > 8 h

185(12.3)

59(13.1)

126(12.0)

 

Sleep latency

   

0.111

  ≤ 15 min

540(36.0)

161(35.9)

379(36.1)

 

  16-30 min

654(43.6)

196(43.7)

458(43.6)

 

  31-60 min

165(11.0)

40(8.9)

125(11.9)

 

  > 60 min

140(9.3)

52(11.6)

88(8.4)

 

Sleep drug

   

0.821

  Not use

1412(94.2)

422(94.0)

990(94.3)

 

  Use

87(5.8)

27(6.0)

60(5.7)

 

Sleep disturbances

   

0.180

  None

360(24.0)

118(26.3)

242(23.0)

 

  Mild

1051(70.1)

306(68.2)

745(71.0)

 

  Moderate-severe

88(5.9)

25(5.6)

63(6.0)

 

Daytime dysfunction

   

0.438

  None

980(65.4)

287(63.9)

693(66.0)

 

  Yes

519(34.6)

162(36.1)

357(34.0)

 

PSQI score

4.69 ± 3.28

4.71 ± 3.47

4.69 ± 3.20

0.915

PSQI

   

0.482

  PSQI ≤ 5

1056(70.4)

322(71.7)

734(69.9)

 

  PSQI > 5

443(29.6)

127(28.3)

316(30.1)

 

Bed time

   

0.592

  < 21:00

599(40.0)

183(40.8)

416(39.6)

 

  21:00 ~ 22:00

849(56.6)

248(55.2)

601(57.2)

 

  22:01 ~ 23:00

42(2.8)

16(3.6)

26(2.5)

 

  > 23:00

9(0.6)

2(0.4)

7(0.7)

 

Rise time

   

0.199

  < 5:00

221(14.7)

61(13.6)

160(15.2)

 

  5:00 ~ 6:00

1146(76.5)

338(75.3)

808(77.0)

 

  6:01 ~ 7:00

116(7.7)

44(9.8)

72(6.9)

 

  > 7:00

16(1.1)

6(1.3)

10(0.9)

 
  1. BMI Body Mass Index
  2. PSQI the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index