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Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants

From: Cognitive decline and poor social relationship in older adults during COVID-19 pandemic: can information and communications technology (ICT) use helps?

 

70–79 age group

 ≥ 80 age group

 

No Decline

Declined

Signif1

No Decline

Declined

Signif

N

426

58

 

174

48

 

Age, mean ± SD

74.01 ± 2.79

74.84 ± 3.03

**

83.39 ± 2.84

84.21 ± 3.07

*

Gender (%)

  Male

53.3

50.0

n.s.

60.9

60.4

n.s.

  Female

46.7

50.0

 

39.1

39.6

n.s.

Education, mean ± SD

3.77 ± 0.95

3.50 ± 0.86

**

3.60 ± 1.05

3.38 ± 1.27

n.s. 

Economic Status, mean ± SD

2.04 ± 0.65

1.78 ± 0.68

***

1.98 ± 0.65

1.85 ± 0.62

n.s.

Social Isolation, mean ± SD

1.83 ± 0.95

1.97 ± 0.99

n.s.

1.94 ± 0.91

2.35 ± 1.19

***

Loneliness, mean ± SD

3.45 ± 0.97

4.17 ± 1.60

***

3.46 ± 1.03

4.15 ± 1.83

***

Coronavirus Anxiety, mean ± SD

1.36 ± 0.71

1.67 ± 0.57

***

1.36 ± 0.72

1.52 ± 0.62

n.s. 

Depression (%)

  No

83.6

34.5

***

73.0

33.3

***

  Yes

16.4

65.5

 

27.0

66.7

 

Weekly sports (%)

  Yes

71.4

60.3

n.s.

58.0

45.8

n.s.

  No

28.6

39.7

 

42.0

54.2

 

Smoking (%)

  Smoking

4.2

6.9

n.s.

4.6

8.3

n.s.

  Not Smoking

73.7

72.4

 

73.6

70.8

 

  Quited

22.1

20.7

 

21.8

20.8

 

Has comorbidities2, (%)

  No

39.0

37.9

n.s.

28.7

29.2

n.s.

  Yes

61.0

62.1

 

71.3

70.8

 

ICT use (%)

  ICT-user

78.2

67.2

n.s.

54.0

31.3

**

  Non-ICT user

21.8

32.8

 

46.0

68.8

 
  1. SD Standard deviation, n.s. No significance, ICT Information and communications technology
  2. 1Significantly different from the no decline group (* p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001)
  3. 2comorbidities included none or at least one of the following: dyslipidemia, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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