Table 1 Estimation of the basic characteristics of the participants
From: Association between total protein intake and low muscle mass in Korean adults
ASM/weight | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Normal N = 15,244 | Low N = 751 | ||
Age (years) | < 0.001 | ||
19–39 | 98.1 (0.3) | 1.9 (0.3) | |
40–64 | 96.1 (0.4) | 3.9 (0.4) | |
≥ 65 | 90.5 (0.7) | 9.5 (0.7) | |
Sex | 0.001 | ||
Male | 96.8 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.3) | |
Female | 95.6 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | |
Education (years) | < 0.001 | ||
< 6 | 92.5 (0.6) | 7.5 (0.6) | |
6–9 | 94.6 (0.8) | 5.4 (0.8) | |
9–12 | 97.1 (0.3) | 2.9 (0.3) | |
≥ 12 | 97.8 (0.3) | 2.2 (0.3) | |
Income | < 0.001 | ||
Lowest | 93.3 (0.6) | 6.7 (0.6) | |
Others | 96.8 (0.3) | 3.2 (0.3) | |
Smoking status | 0.006 | ||
Never smoker | 96.1 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.3) | |
Ex–smoker | 94.6 (0.7) | 5.4 (0.7) | |
Current smoker | 96.8 (0.4) | 3.2 (0.4) | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.145 | ||
Risky alcohol | 96.9 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.5) | |
Non-risky alcohol | 96.1 (0.3) | 3.9 (0.3) | |
Physical activity | 0.005 | ||
Yes | 96.7 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.3) | |
No | 95.6 (0.3) | 4.4 (0.3) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.45 ± 0.04 | 27.33 ± 0.24 | < 0.001 |
Calorie (kcal/day) | 2047.21 ± 10.89 | 1722.09 ± 40.89 | < 0.001 |
Fat (%) | 17.59 ± 0.12 | 15.60 ± 0.41 | < 0.001 |
Dietary protein intake (g/kg/day) | 1.17 ± 0.01 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | < 0.001 | ||
No | 97.3 (0.2) | 2.7 (0.2) | |
Yes | 90.4 (0.8) | 9.6 (0.8) | |
Diabetes mellitus | < 0.001 | ||
No | 96.5 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.3) | |
Yes | 91.0 (1.0) | 9.0 (1.0) | |
Dyslipidemia | < 0.001 | ||
No | 96.5 (0.3) | 3.5 (0.3) | |
Yes | 93.0 (0.8) | 7.0 (0.8) | |