Fig. 2

Sex stratified weekly average and residuals of healthcare expenditures pre- and post-bereavement. Week 0 depicts the date of the standardized stressor of bereavement, splitting the time interval one year before and after bereavement. Linear regression lines are fitted both before and after the stressor, indicating the differences in the healthcare consumption pattern between the two periods. Average healthcare consumption after bereavement is higher than before, for both males and females. The average of weekly-based residuals also seems to be following the same pattern, that being increased after bereavement. Females seem to exhibit a more resilient behavior, with smaller deviations when compared with males, manifested in the weekly average and the residuals of their respective healthcare costs