Table 2 Association of factors with overall abuse (at least one type of abuse) (N = 360)
From: Prevalence patterns and associated factors of elder abuse in an urban slum of eastern India
Characteristics | Any type of abuse | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Total | p-value | |
Age (years) | ||||
 60–69 | 43 (17.1) | 209 (82.9) | 252 | χ2 = 3.82 |
 70–79 | 19 (27.5) | 50 (72.5) | 69 | p = 0.15 |
 80 & above | 8 (20.5) | 31 (79.5) | 39 |  |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 36 (21.6) | 131 (78.4) | 167 | χ2 = 0.89 |
 Female | 34 (17.6) | 159 (82.4) | 193 | p = 0.35 |
Marital status | ||||
 Widow/widower | 20 (15.0) | 113 (85.0) | 133 | Fisher’s exact = 2.73 |
 Separated | 2 (18.2) | 9 (81.8) | 11 | p = 0.25 |
 Married | 48 (22.2) | 168 (77.8) | 216 |  |
Education status | ||||
 Illiterate | 38 (17.1) | 184 (82.9) | 222 |  |
 Primary school | 16 (23.2) | 53 (76.8) | 69 | Fisher’s exact = 4.63 |
 Middle school | 7 (22.6) | 24 (77.4) | 31 | p = 0.42 |
 High school | 8 (28.6) | 20 (71.4) | 28 |  |
 Diploma/intermediate | 1 (25.0) | 3 (75.0) | 4 |  |
 Graduate | 0 (0.0) | 6 (100.0) | 6 |  |
Occupation | ||||
 Unemployed | 55 (21.5) | 201 (78.5) | 256 | Fisher’s exact = 6.55 |
 Self-employed | 13 (15.9) | 69 (84.1) | 82 | p = 0.07 |
 Government job | 2 (33.3) | 4 (66.7) | 6 |  |
 Private job | 0 (0.0) | 16 (100.0) | 16 |  |
Household type | ||||
 Nuclear | 25 (18.0) | 114 (82.0) | 139 | Fisher’s exact = 0.38 |
 Extended | 40 (20.3) | 157 (79.7) | 197 | p = 0.85 |
 Joint | 5 (20.8) | 19 (79.2) | 24 |  |
Currently living with | ||||
 Alone | 5 (26.3) | 14 (73.7) | 19 | χ2 = 0.60 |
 Family/others | 65 (19.1) | 276 (80.9) | 339 | p = 0.44 |
Social schemesa | ||||
 No | 47 (22.4) | 163 (77.6) | 210 | χ2 = 2.39 |
 Yes | 23 (15.8) | 123 (84.2) | 146 | p = 0.12 |
Chronic illness | ||||
 No | 53 (19.2) | 223 (80.8) | 276 | χ2 = 0.04 |
 Yes | 17 (20.2) | 67 (79.8) | 84 | p = 0.83 |
Substance use | ||||
 No | 39 (22.5) | 134 (77.5) | 173 | χ2 = 2.04 |
 Yes | 31 (16.6) | 156 (83.4) | 187 | p = 0.15 |
ADL score | ||||
 Dependent | 1 (9.1) | 10 (90.9) | 11 | Fisher’s exact = 1.16 |
 Slightly dependent | 9 (15.5) | 49 (84.5) | 58 | p = 0.56 |
 Independent | 60 (20.6) | 231 (79.4) | 291 |  |
GDS score | ||||
 Normal (Score < 5) | 56 (17.7) | 261 (82.3) | 317 | Fisher’s exact = 5.36 |
 Abnormal (score ≥ 5) | 14 (32.6) | 29 (67.4) | 43 | p = 0.02 |
VASS score | ||||
 Not vulnerable | 60 (18.6) | 262 (81.4) | 322 | χ2 = 1.28 |
 Vulnerable to abuse | 10 (26.3) | 28 (73.7) | 38 | p = 0.28 |