Table 3 Linear mixed modelling results showing the mean differences between pre- and post-training after adjusting for age, sex and previous training history

 Right

(4.9, 9.3)^*

 left

(4.1, 8.4)^*

Stair-climb time (s)

(-5.2, -0.2)^*

Stair-climb est. VO₂ (ml.kg⁻¹.min⁻¹)

(0.2, 4.4)^*

5 × floor transfer (s)

(-9.8, -2.2)^*

6-min walk distance (m)

(17.9, 65.5) ^*

30 s Sit to Stand (reps)

(0.9, 5.7)^*

Predicted 1RM (kg)

(2.4, 30.0)^*

Knee extension – peak force (N)

 Right

(4.4, 118.8)^*

 Left

(-1.2, 100.7)

Hip extension – peak force (N)

 Right

(-3.0, 24.5)

 Left

(4.2, 37.8)^*

SF36—health change

(4.4, 29.8)^*

DXA – ASM (kg)

(0.08, 1.22)^*

DXA – sarcopenia index (kg/m²)

(0.03, 0.42)^*