Table 2. Weighted Descriptive Statistics across All Observations, Percentage or Mean (S.D.)
From: Later-life transitions and changes in prescription medication use for pain and depression
Variable | Overall | Pain Model Subset | Depression Model Subset |
|---|---|---|---|
Regularly take prescription pain medication | 22.9% | 44.0% | Â |
Regularly take prescription depression or anxiety medication | 17.8% | Â | 45.5% |
Pain level | |||
   None | 64.8% | 47.3% | 51.0% |
   Mild | 10.3% | 14.2% | 10.8% |
   Moderate | 19.1% | 30.4% | 27.8% |
   Severe | 5.7% | 8.1% | 10.4% |
CESD depression score | 1.409 (1.978) | 1.811 (2.165) | 2.165 (2.334) |
Marital status | |||
   Married/partnered | 64.1% | 61.4% | 57.6% |
   Separated/divorced/absent | 15.1% | 15.3% | 18.2% |
   Widowed | 14.9% | 18.0% | 17.9% |
   Never married | 5.9% | 5.3% | 6.2% |
Employment status | |||
   Employed | 44.6% | 33.5% | 34.4% |
   Unemployed | 2.5% | 2.3% | 2.3% |
   Out of labor force | 52.9% | 64.3% | 63.3% |
Volunteering in past 12 months | |||
   None | 62.6% | 66.5% | 67.3% |
   1-49 hours | 13.4% | 12.3% | 12.1% |
   50-99 hours | 8.6% | 7.4% | 7.7% |
   100-199 hours | 8.4% | 7.6% | 7.4% |
   200+ hours | 7.0% | 6.2% | 5.5% |
Number of grandchildren | 4.408 (5.131) | 5.153 (5.486) | 4.801 (5.282) |
Number of doctor visits in last 2 years | 10.494 (20.428) | 13.095 (21.342) | 13.916 (24.912) |
ADL | 0.266 (0.784) | 0.390 (0.906) | 0.456 (1.021) |
IADL | 0.101 (0.397) | 0.144 (0.467) | 0.182 (0.529) |
Self-rated health | 2.772 (1.083) | 3.107 (1.034) | 3.111 (1.095) |
Number of health conditions | 2.013 (1.473) | 2.591 (1.388) | 2.583 (1.523) |
Has health insurance | 63.6% | 57.2% | 58.2% |
Rural residence | 30.2% | 31.6% | 33.0% |
Number of living children | 2.867 (1.946) | 3.022 (1.974) | 2.895 (1.965) |
Number of living siblings | 2.778 (2.348) | 2.591 (1.388) | 2.789 (2.374) |
Any source of help for/if ADL/IADL issues | 68.3% | 70.9% | 70.6% |
Age | 66.224 (10.050) | 68.188 (10.033) | 66.766 (10.010) |
Gender: Female | 55.3% | 59.0% | 65.8% |
Race/Ethnicity | |||
   Non-Hispanic White | 79.5% | 76.4% | 80.6% |
   Non-Hispanic Black | 9.6% | 11.8% | 8.2% |
   Hispanic | 7.9% | 9.2% | 8.4% |
   Non-Hispanic Other | 3.0% | 2.6% | 2.9% |
Education | |||
   Less than high school | 16.1% | 20.5% | 18.9% |
   High school diploma | 31.3% | 33.4% | 32.9% |
   Some college | 24.4% | 24.5% | 24.1% |
   Bachelors or higher | 28.3% | 21.7% | 24.0% |
   Observations | 81,694 | 25,100 | 13,784 |