Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for primary outcome

Age, year

1.024 (1.020-1.028)

<0.001

1.031 (1.026-1.036)

<0.001

SOFA

1.155 (1.145-1.165)

<0.001

1.122 (1.110-1.134)

<0.001

Charlson score

1.106 (1.090-1.123)

<0.001

1.054 (1.037-1.072)

<0.001

Respiratory rate

1.086 (1.076-1.096)

<0.001

1.045 (1.035-1.056)

<0.001

Heart rate

1.014 (1.012-1.016)

<0.001

1.005 (1.002-1.007)

<0.001

Mean arterial pressure, mmHg

0.973 (0.969-0.977)

<0.001

0.990 (0.986-0.995)

<0.001

SpO₂, %

0.926 (0.912-0.939)

<0.001

0.964 (0.949-0.979)

<0.001

WBC count, ×10⁹/L

1.028 (1.023-1.033)

<0.001

1.009 (1.004-1.015)

<0.001

Hemoglobin, g/dL

0.971 (0.954-0.989)

<0.001

1.023 (1.004-1.043)

0.017

Urea, mg/dL, median (IQR)

1.010 (1.009-1.012)

<0.001

0.999 (0.998-1.001)

0.306

Blood glucose, mg/dL

1.000 (1.000-1.000)

0.463

Anion gap, mmol/L

1.076 (1.068-1.083)

<0.001

1.026 (1.016-1.036)

<0.001

AKI

1.930 (1.759-2.118)

<0.001

1.152 (1.042-1.273)

0.006

Dialysis

1.768 (1.549-2.018)

<0.001

0.787 (0.681-0.911)

0.001

Phosphate, mg/dL

1.213 (1.193-1.233)

<0.001

1.056 (1.028-1.085)

<0.001