Table 1 Comparisons between survivors and non-survivors

Demographics and characteristics

   Age, year, median (IQR)

74.8 (67.5, 82.9)

74.5 (67.4, 82.3)

76.7 (68.7, 84.3)

<0.001

   Male, no. (%)

13202 (54.4)

11913 (54.5)

1289 (53.3)

0.287

   SOFA, median (IQR)

5.0 (3.0, 7.0)

5.0 (3.0, 7.0)

11.0 (7.0, 14.0)

<0.001

   Charlson score, median (IQR)

6.0 (5.0, 8.0)

6.0 (5.0, 8.0)

7.0 (6.0, 9.0)

<0.001

   Hypertension, no. (%)

11622 (47.8)

10643 (48.7)

979 (40.5)

<0.001

   Diabetes, no. (%)

7970 (32.8)

7166 (32.8)

804 (33.3)

0.619

   COPD, no. (%)

160 (0.7)

142 (0.6)

18 (0.7)

0.582

   AKI, no. (%)

12505 (51.5%)

10688 (48.9%)

1817 (75.2%)

<0.001

Signs and symptoms

   Respiratory rate, median (IQR)

18.8 (16.7, 21.4)

18.6 (16.6, 21.1)

20.9 (18.1, 24.2)

<0.001

   Heart rate, median (IQR)

81.7 (72.4, 92.8)

81.2 (72.0, 91.8)

88.6 (76.1, 101.9)

<0.001

   Systolic pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

116.5 (106.9, 129.0)

117.0 (107.5, 129.7)

110.0 (101.4, 122.1)

<0.001

   Diastolic pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

60.1 (54.1, 67.5)

60.3 (54.3, 67.7)

58.4 (51.2, 65.2)

<0.001

   Mean arterial pressure, mmHg, median (IQR)

75.9 (70.0, 83.3)

76.2 (70.3, 83.6)

73.2 (67.4, 80.4)

<0.001

   Temperature, °C, median (IQR)

36.8 (36.6, 37.0)

36.8 (36.6, 37.0)

36.8 (36.4, 37.1)

0.025

   SpO₂, %, median (IQR)

97.0 (95.6, 98.3)

97.0 (95.7, 98.3)

97.0 (95.1, 98.6)

0.351

Laboratory findings

   WBC count, ×10⁹/L, median (IQR)

10.8 (7.8, 14.5)

10.8 (7.8, 14.1)

12.5 (8.9, 17.9)

<0.001

   Platelet count, ×10⁹/L, median (IQR)

192.0 (139.0, 250.0)

192.0 (140.0, 249.0)

192.0 (128.0, 258.0)

0.165

   Hemoglobin, g/dL, median (IQR)

10.6 (9.0, 12.0)

10.6 (9.0, 12.0)

10.4 (8.8, 11.9)

0.007

   Creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR)

1.0 (0.8, 1.5)

1.0 (0.7, 1.4)

1.3 (0.9, 2.2)

<0.001

   Urea, mg/dL, median (IQR)

21.0 (15.0, 33.0)

20.0 (15.0, 32.0)

30.0 (19.0, 49.0)

<0.001

   Blood glucose, mg/dL, median (IQR)

131.5 (113.0, 159.3)

130.8 (112.7, 156.7)

144.4 (116.5, 185.0)

<0.001

   Anion gap, mmol/L, median (IQR)

14.0 (12.0, 17.0)

14.0 (12.0, 16.0)

16.0 (14.0, 19.0)

<0.001

   Sodium, mmol/L, median (IQR)

139.0 (136.0, 141.0)

139.0 (136.0, 141.0)

139.0 (135.0, 142.0)

0.176

   Potassium, mmol/L, median (IQR)

4.1 (3.8, 4.5)

4.1 (3.8, 4.5)

4.3 (3.8, 4.8)

<0.001

   Phosphate, mg/dL, median (IQR)

3.7 (3.1, 4.4)

3.6 (3.0, 4.3)

4.4 (3.4, 5.8)

<0.001

   Urine within first 24h, mL, median (IQR)

3765.0 (2040.0, 7435.0)

3800.0 (2125.0, 7258.5)

3235.0 (881.0, 10020.0)

<0.001

Treatment

   Mechanical ventilation, no. (%)

11098 (45.7)

9162 (41.9)

1936 (80.1)

<0.001

   Dialysis, no. (%)

937 (3.9)

690 (3.5%)

247 (10.2%)

<0.001

Other outcomes

   Length of ICU stay, hour, median (IQR)

59.0 (38.0, 107.0)

56.0 (37.0, 99.0)

102.0 (51.0, 205.0)

<0.001