Table 2 Associations between baseline protein intake and 12-year changes in health-related quality of life
|  |  | Total (n = 752) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Model 1* | Model 2** | ||||
β (CI) | P-value | β (CI) | P-value | β (CI) | P-value | |
Change in PCS score | ||||||
 Animal protein | − 0.01 (− 0.03, 0.02) | 0.597 | −0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.02) | 0.003 | − 0.04 (− 0.07, − 0.01) | 0.009 |
 Red meat protein | −0.01 (− 0.04, 0.02) | 0.509 | − 0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.01) | 0.010 | − 0.05 (− 0.08, − 0.01) | 0.018 |
 Processed animal protein | −0.05 (− 0.17, 0.07) | 0.383 | −0.17 (− 0.31, − 0.03) | 0.021 | − 0.17 (− 0.31, − 0.02) | 0.027 |
 Other animal protein | 0.06 (− 0.20, 0.32) | 0.638 | −0.09 (− 0.36, 0.18) | 0.508 | − 0.08 (− 0.35, 0.19) | 0.574 |
 Dairy protein | − 0.06 (− 0.14, 0.02) | 0.166 | −0.06 (− 0.15, 0.02) | 0.135 | −0.06 (− 0.15, 0.02) | 0.146 |
 Full-fat dairy protein | − 0.11 (− 0.22, 0.01) | 0.068 | − 0.11 (− 0.22, 0.01) | 0.065 | −0.12 (− 0.23, 0.00) | 0.051 |
 Low-fat dairy protein | 0.00 (− 0.08, 0.07) | 0.930 | − 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.07) | 0.892 | 0.00 (− 0.08, 0.08) | 0.975 |
 Plant protein | 0.24 (0.03, 0.45) | 0.023 | 0.18 (− 0.03, 0.39) | 0.101 | 0.17 (− 0.04, 0.38) | 0.109 |
 Soy protein | 0.14 (−0.13, 0.42) | 0.308 | 0.12 (−0.15, 0.39) | 0.396 | 0.11 (−0.16, 0.38) | 0.439 |
 Vegetable protein | 0.50 (0.13, 0.88) | 0.008 | 0.37 (−0.03, 0.76) | 0.068 | 0.37 (−0.02, 0.77) | 0.062 |
Change in MCS score | ||||||
 Animal protein | −0.02 (− 0.04, 0.00) | 0.018 | − 0.04 (− 0.07, − 0.01) | 0.004 | − 0.03 (− 0.06, 0.00) | 0.060 |
 Red meat protein | − 0.04 (− 0.07, − 0.10) | 0.003 | −0.06 (− 0.09, − 0.02) | 0.001 | − 0.04 (− 0.08, − 0.01) | 0.011 |
 Processed animal protein | −0.10 (− 0.20, 0.01) | 0.085 | − 0.11 (− 0.24, 0.03) | 0.129 | − 0.08 (− 0.22, 0.05) | 0.236 |
 Other animal protein | 0.16 (− 0.07, 0.40) | 0.167 | 0.20 (− 0.05, 0.44) | 0.119 | 0.24 (− 0.01, 0.48) | 0.061 |
 Dairy protein | −0.01 (− 0.08, 0.07) | 0.866 | 0.00 (− 0.08, 0.8) | 0.947 | 0.00 (− 0.08, 0.08) | 0.958 |
 Full-fat dairy protein | − 0.01 (− 0.12, 0.09) | 0.799 | 0.00 (− 0.10, 0.11) | 0.961 | −0.01 (− 0.12, 0.09) | 0.811 |
 Low-fat dairy protein | 0.00 (− 0.07, 0.07) | 0.991 | 0.00 (− 0.08, 0.07) | 0.925 | 0.01 (− 0.06, 0.08) | 0.835 |
 Plant protein | −0.03 (− 0.22, 0.16) | 0.783 | − 0.03 (− 0.22, 0.17) | 0.801 | − 0.04 (− 0.23, 0.16) | 0.714 |
 Soy protein | 0.09 (− 0.16, 0.33) | 0.494 | 0.06 (− 0.19, 0.31) | 0.614 | 0.04 (− 0.21, 0.28) | 0.775 |
 Vegetable protein | −0.24 (− 0.58, 0.09) | 0.155 | −0.22 (0.59, 0.14) | 0.227 | −0.20 (− 0.56, 0.16) | 0.270 |