Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the population of nonagenarians included in the study, according to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) status, and the presence or absence of prior cardiovascular disease (CVD)
Group 1: No T2DM, no prior CVD (n = 37,078) | Group 2: No T2DM, prior CVD (n = 10,700) | Group 3: T2DM, no prior CVD (n = 8,043) | Group 4: T2DM, prior CVD (n = 3,602) | p value | p value (for comparison between group 2 and group 3) | p value (for comparison between group 3 and group 4) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), mean (SD) | 93.3 (2.8) | 93.3 (2.7) | 92.9 (2.5) | 92.9 (2.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.581 |
Living in nursing home, n/N (%) | 5,479/37,078 (14.8) | 1,342/10,700 (12.5) | 1,098/8,043 (13.7) | 489/3,602 (13.6) | < 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.884 |
Barthel: Functionally independent, n/N (%) | 1,591/13,779 (12.5) | 451/4,865 (9.3) | 411/3,747 (11.0) | 151/1,884 (8.0) | < 0.001 | 0.009 | < 0.001 |
Lawton & Brody: Functionally independent, n/N (%) | 1,507/13,649 (11.0) | 434/4,873 (8.9) | 372/3,713 (10.0) | 129/1,869 (6.9) | < 0.001 | 0.084 | < 0.001 |
Charlson's index, mean (SD) | 4.8 (1.1) | 5.9 (1.3) | 6.0 (1.2) | 7.1 (1.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Dementia, n/N (%) | 5,092/37,078 (13.7) | 1,368/10,700 (12.8) | 1,084/8,043 (13.5) | 466/3,602 (12.9) | 0.061 | 0.160 | 0.376 |
COPD, n/N (%) | 3,244/37,078 (8.7) | 1,259/10,700 (11.8) | 803/8,043 (10.0) | 413/3,602 (11.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.016 |
CKD, n/N (%) | 3,745/37,078 (10.1) | 1,516/10,700 (14.2) | 1,195/8,043 (14.9) | 681/3,602 (18.9) | < 0.001 | 0.178 | < 0.001 |
Solid Cancer, n/N (%) | 2,379/37,078 (6.4) | 789/10,700 (7.4) | 606/8,043 (7.5) | 315/3,602 (8.7) | < 0.001 | 0.796 | 0.028 |
Leukemia/Lymphoma, n/N (%) | 137/37,078 (0.4) | 36/10,700 (0.3) | 31/8,043 (0.4) | 10/3,602) (0.3) | 0.781 | 0.251 | 0.398 |
SBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 130.3 (16.7) | 128.6 (16.9) | 131.5 (16.5) | 130.2 (18.1) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.015 |
DBP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 70.7 (9.4) | 69.7 (9.7) | 70.5 (9.4) | 69.2 (9.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
BMI > 30 kg/m2, n/N (%) | 2,597/13,048 (19.9) | 815/4,140 (19.7) | 907/3,764 (24.1) | 333/1,617 (20.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
Current smoker, n/N (%) | 289/19,250 (1.5) | 136/6,368 (2.1) | 81/5,134 (1.6) | 40/2,378 (1.7) | 0.001 | 0.048 | 0.750 |
Hypertension, n/N (%) | 25,010/37,078 (67.5) | 7,936/10,700 (74.2) | 6,505/8,043 (80.9) | 2,978/3,602 (82.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.020 |
Dyslipidemia, n/N (%) | 11,903/37,078 (32.1) | 4,452/10,700 (41.6) | 3,640/8,043 (45.3) | 1,860/3,602 (51.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.010 |
LDL-Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 109.5 (30.4) | 97.4 (31.4) | 98.6 (30.4) | 88.8 (31.2) | < 0.001 | 0.155 | < 0.001 |
Chronic atrial fibrillation, n/N (%) | 5,322/37,078 (14.4) | 2,485/10,700 (23.2) | 1,424/8,043 (17.7) | 846/3,602 (23.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.041 |
Heart failure, n/N (%) | 3,355/37,078 (9.0) | 1,573/10,700 (14.7) | 1,040/8,043 (12.9) | 666/3,602 (18.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Albuminuria, n/N (%) | 1,379/5,296 (26.0) | 532/1,741 (30.6) | 1,084/2,814 (38.5) | 541/1,209 (44.7) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n/N (%) | 6,128/10,300 (59.5) | 2,103/3,369 (62.4) | 1,770/2,787 (63.5) | 880/1,307 (67.3) | < 0.001 | 0.373 | 0.017 |
Antiaggregants, n/N (%) | 9,191/37,078 (24.8) | 6,896/10,700 (64.4) | 2,834/8,043 (35.2) | 2,445/3,602 (67.9) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
Anticoagulants, n/N (%) | 6,163/37,078 (16.6) | 2,708/10,700 (25.3) | 1,589/8,043 (19.8) | 947/3,602 (26.3) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ACEI or ARB, n/N (%) | 11,940/37,078 (32.2) | 4,530/10,700 (42.3) | 3,371/8,043 (41.9) | 1,764/3,602 (49.0) | < 0.001 | 0.580 | < 0.001 |
Statins, n/N (%) | 7,093/37,078 (19.1) | 4,895/10,700 (45.7) | 2,795/8,043 (34.8) | 1,981/3,602 (55.0) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |