Socioeconomic vulnerability and frailty among community-dwelling older adults: cross-sectional findings from longitudinal aging study in India, 2017–18

Table 3 Percentage of older males and females by various vulnerabilities in India, 2017–18

Variables	Male		Female		p-value
Variables	Sample	%	Sample	%	p-value
Wealth
Not vulnerable	8734	57.9	9074	55.4	< 0.001
Vulnerable	6364	42.2	7292	44.6	< 0.001
Caste
Not vulnerable	11,097	73.5	11,865	72.5	< 0.001
Vulnerable	4001	26.5	4501	27.5	< 0.001
Educational status
Not vulnerable	7079	46.9	3052	18.7	0.002
Vulnerable	8019	53.1	13,314	81.4	< 0.001
Wealth and education
Not vulnerable	11,090	73.5	9886	60.4	< 0.001
Vulnerable	4008	26.6	6480	39.6	0.003
Caste and education
Not vulnerable	12,310	81.5	12,127	74.1	< 0.001
Vulnerable	2788	18.5	4239	25.9	< 0.001
Caste and wealth
Not vulnerable	12,950	85.8	13,899	84.9	< 0.001
Vulnerable	2148	14.2	2467	15.1	< 0.001
Any one
Not vulnerable	4068	27.0	2077	12.7	0.013
Vulnerable	11,030	73.1	14,289	87.3	< 0.001
Overall vulnerability
Not vulnerable	13,509	89.5	13,999	85.5	< 0.001
Vulnerable	1589	10.5	2367	14.5	0.042

ISSN: 1471-2318