Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample
Characteristics | Â |
|---|---|
Total number of participants, n [%] | 995 [100.0] |
Age | 76.5 (72.1; 82.5), 68.0 – 91.6 |
Age brackets | |
  – 1st Tertile | 70.6 (69.4; 72.0), 68.0 – 73.5 |
  – 2nd Tertile | 76.5 (74.8; 78.4), 73.5 – 80.4 |
  – 3rd Tertile | 84.5 (82.5; 87.2), 80.5 – 91.6 |
Female, n [%] | 523 [52.6] |
Education, n [%] | |
  – Low | 388 [39.0] |
  – Medium | 316 [31.8] |
  – High | 291 [29.2] |
Living alone, n [%] | 417 [43.1] |
Number of chronic diseases | 2.0 (1.0; 3.0), 0.0 – 8.0 |
Health indicators – current statusa | |
  Frailty Phenotype, n [%] | |
    – Score 0 | 355 [35.7] |
    – Score 1 | 311 [31.3] |
    – Score 2 | 179 [18.0] |
    – Score 3 | 104 [10.5] |
    – Score 4 | 43 [4.3] |
    – Score 5 | 3 [0.3] |
  Frailty Index (range 0 – 1) | 0.2 (0.1; 0.3), 0.0 – 0.6 |
  Grip strength, in kg | 24.0 (18.5; 32.2), 1.0 – 62.5 |
  Walking speed, in seconds | 9.0 (7.0; 11.0), 3.0 – 102.0 |
  Mini-Mental State Examination (range 0 – 30) | 28.0 (26.0; 29.0), 9.0 – 30.0 |
Health indicators – three-year changeb | |
  Frailty Phenotype | 0.0 (0.0; 1.0), -3.0 – 4.0 |
  Frailty Index | 0.03 (-0.01; 0.07), -0.27 – 0.27 |
  Grip strength | -2.5 (-6.5; 0.5), -28.0 – 11.5 |
  Walking speed | 1.0 (0.0; 3.0), -12.0 – 83.0 |
  Mini-Mental State Examination | 0.0 (-1.0; 1.0), -15.0 – 7.0 |