Social participation and change in walking time among older adults: a 3-year longitudinal study from the JAGES

BMC Geriatrics

Table 2 Multiple regression analysis of differences of walking time from 2016 to 2019 in older adults who walked < 60 min/day at baseline

N = 34,542	Crude Model				Model 1				Model 2
N = 34,542	β	t	95% CI	p	β	t	95% CI	p	β	t	95% CI	p
Volunteer	− 0.12	− 0.38	(− 0.75 to 0.51)	0.703	− 0.07	− 0.23	(− 0.70 to 0.55)	0.816	− 0.01	− 0.04	(− 0.64 to 0.62)	0.969
Sports	0.25	0.88	(− 0.31 to 0.82)	0.379	0.20	0.70	(− 0.37 to 0.77)	0.487	0.30	1.03	(− 0.27 to 0.88)	0.301
Hobby	− 0.59	− 2.15	(− 1.13 to − 0.05)	0.031	− 0.57	− 2.05	(− 1.11 to − 0.03)	0.040	− 0.48	− 1.70	(− 1.03 to 0.07)	0.090
Senior	− 0.31	− 0.82	(− 1.06 to 0.43)	0.412	0.47	1.22	(− 0.29 to 1.23)	0.224	0.41	1.05	(− 0.36 to 1.17)	0.296
Neighborhood	− 0.28	− 0.99	(− 0.84 to 0.28)	0.323	− 0.23	− 0.82	(− 0.79 to 0.32)	0.411	− 0.22	− 0.78	(− 0.78 to 0.34)	0.436
Learning	− 0.07	− 0.20	(− 0.79 to 0.64)	0.839	− 0.08	− 0.23	(− 0.80 to 0.63)	0.820	0.09	0.24	(− 0.64 to 0.82)	0.811
Health	0.30	0.78	(− 0.46 to 1.06)	0.438	0.47	1.21	(− 0.30 to 1.24)	0.227	0.48	1.23	(− 0.29 to 1.25)	0.219
Skills	0.25	0.62	(− 0.54 to 1.03)	0.534	0.29	0.71	(− 0.50 to 1.07)	0.475	0.42	1.05	(− 0.37 to 1.21)	0.294
Paid Work	3.40	11.44	(2.82 to 3.99)	< 0.001	3.01	9.76	(2.41 to 3.62)	< 0.001	3.02	9.68	(2.41 to 3.63)	< 0.001

Multiple regression analysis was conducted to compare those who have each type of social participation to those who do not (control group
Crude Model: Each status of nine types of social participation was included. Model 1: Crude + sex and age
Model 2: Model 1 + marital status, educational attainment, household income, BMI, IADL, drink and smoke
Independent variables: nine types of social participation: volunteer groups (volunteer), sports groups or clubs (sports), hobby groups (hobby), senior citizen clubs (senior), neighborhood associations (neighborhood), learning or cultural groups (learning), long-term care prevention or health-promoting activity groups (health), activities to teach skills or pass on experiences to others (skills), and paid work (work)

ISSN: 1471-2318