Table 1 Characteristics of individuals according to walking time at baseline
Walking time at baseline | < 60 min/day | ≥ 60 min/day | p |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 34,542 | 22,500 | |
Male (%) | 16,282 (47.1) | 11,189 (49.7) | < 0.001 |
Age (%) | |||
65–69 years | 11,198 (32.4) | 7785 (34.6) | < 0.001 |
70–74 years | 10,117 (29.3) | 7029 (31.2) | |
75–79 years | 8120 (23.5) | 5045 (22.4) | |
80–84 years | 3907 (11.3) | 2074 (9.2) | |
≥ 85 years | 1200 (3.5) | 567 (2.5) | |
Marital status (%) | |||
Married | 25,726 (74.5) | 17,354 (77.1) | < 0.001 |
Widowed | 5853 (16.9) | 3342 (14.9) | |
Divorced | 1514 (4.4) | 929 (4.1) | |
Never married | 1019 (3.0) | 640 (2.8) | |
Others/Missing | 430 (1.2) | 235 (1.0) | |
Educational attainment (%) | |||
< 10 years | 8360 (24.2) | 5675 (25.2) | 0.037 |
10–12 years | 15,021 (43.5) | 9723 (43.2) | |
≥ 13 years | 10,829 (31.4) | 6897 (30.7) | |
Others/Missing | 332 (1.0) | 205 (0.9) | |
Household income (%) | |||
< 2,000,000 JPY | 13,129 (38.0) | 7864 (35.0) | < 0.001 |
2,000,000–3,999,999 JPY | 12,055 (34.9) | 8391 (37.3) | |
≥ 4,000,000 JPY | 3526 (10.2) | 2466 (11.0) | |
Missing | 5832 (16.9) | 3779 (16.8) | |
BMI (%) | |||
< 18.5 | 2251 (6.5) | 1420 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
18.5–24.9 | 24,031 (69.6) | 16,566 (73.6) | |
≥ 25.0 | 7736 (22.4) | 4227 (18.8) | |
Missing | 524 (1.5) | 287 (1.3) | |
IADL (%) | |||
Dependent | 31,591 (91.5) | 21,031 (93.5) | < 0.001 |
Independent | 2508 (7.3) | 1222 (5.4) | |
Missing | 443 (1.3) | 247 (1.1) | |
Drink (%) | |||
No | 19,940 (57.7) | 12,393 (55.1) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 14,057 (40.7) | 9791 (43.5) | |
Missing | 545 (1.6) | 316 (1.4) | |
Smoke (%) | |||
No | 25,194 (72.9) | 15,897 (70.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 9104 (26.4) | 6468 (28.7) | |
Missing | 244 (0.7) | 135 (0.6) | |
Volunteer (%) | |||
No | 23,183 (67.1) | 14,502 (64.5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 7675 (22.2) | 5598 (24.9) | |
Missing | 3684 (10.7) | 2400 (10.7) | |
Sports (%) | |||
No | 18,408 (53.3) | 11,064 (49.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 11,520 (33.4) | 8437 (37.5) | |
Missing | 4614 (13.4) | 2999 (13.3) | |
Hobby (%) | |||
No | 15,973 (46.2) | 9950 (44.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 15,430 (44.7) | 10,444 (46.4) | |
Missing | 3139 (9.1) | 2106 (9.4) | |
Senior (%) | |||
No | 26,171 (75.8) | 16,891 (75.1) | 0.151 |
Yes | 4891 (14.2) | 3300 (14.7) | |
Missing | 3480 (10.1) | 2309 (10.3) | |
Neighborhood (%) | |||
No | 19,537 (56.6) | 11,734 (52.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 11,706 (33.9) | 8573 (38.1) | |
Missing | 3299 (9.6) | 2193 (9.7) | |
Learning (%) | |||
No | 25,499 (73.8) | 16,337 (72.6) | 0.005 |
Yes | 5478 (15.9) | 3760 (16.7) | |
Missing | 3565 (10.3) | 2403 (10.7) | |
Health (%) | |||
No | 26,566 (76.9) | 16,744 (74.4) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4618 (13.4) | 3519 (15.6) | |
Missing | 3358 (9.7) | 2237 (9.9) | |
Skills (%) | |||
No | 27,281 (79.0) | 17,151 (76.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4283 (12.4) | 3314 (14.7) | |
Missing | 2978 (8.6) | 2035 (9.0) | |
Paid work (%) | |||
No | 22,566 (65.3) | 12,206 (54.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 9485 (27.5) | 8715 (38.7) | |
Missing | 2491 (7.2) | 1579 (7.0) | |