Table 4 Postoperative outcomes of patients with POD

Barthel ADL Index at 3 months

93.69 ± 12.68

87.63 ± 19.95

0.06

Declined basic ADL n (%); score reduced ≥ 5 points

49 (25.1%)

6 (31.6%)

0.58

Declined IADL score 2, n (%); score reduced ≥ 2 points

44 (22.7%)

9 (47.4%)

0.03*

IADL score at 3 months

6.33 ± 1.89

5.10 ± 2.42

0.04*

Worsened quality of life at 3 months, n (%)

57 (28.9%)

7 (36.8%)

0.60

Health utility, score

0.90 ± 0.15

0.86 ± 0.19

0.33

Frailty at 3 months, (3–5), n (%)

22 (11.3%)

3 (15.8%)

0.47

Readmission at 3 months, n (%)

32 (13.2%)

6 (25.0%)

0.13

Mortality at 3 months, n (%)

6 (2.4%)

7 (26.9%)

 < 0.001*

Hospital LOS, days; median (min, max)

8 (1, 57)

17 (5, 70)

 < 0.001*

Total cost, USD; median (min, max)

5981.68 (332.04, 53 455.42)

11 501.52 (2857.64, 86 953.34)

 < 0.001*

ICU LOS, days; median (min, max)

1 (0, 57)

5 (0, 53)

 < 0.001*

Ventilator, days; median (min, max);

1 (0, 11)

1 (0, 57)

 < 0.001*