Table 3 Postoperative outcomes of patients with POCD (includes only those participants who could be administered the MoCA 1 week after surgery to establish their POCD status)

Barthel ADL Index at 3 months

94.60 ± 11.62

92.22 ± 13.27

0.29

Declined basic ADL n (%); Barthel reduced ≥ 5 points

30 (23.8%)

9 (25.0%)

0.88

Declined IADL, n (%); score reduced ≥ 2 points

30 (24.0%)

8 (22.2%)

0.83

IADL score at 3 months

6.43 ± 1.9

6.25 ± 1.9

0.60

Worsened quality of life at 3 months, n (%)

37 (28.9%)

9 (25.0%)

0.68

Health utility, score

0.89 ± 0.14

0.89 ± 0.20

0.80

Frailty at 3 months, (3–5), n (%)

11 (8.7%)

6 (16.7%)

0.22

Readmission at 3 months, n (%)

16 (10.8%)

6 (14.0%)

0.59

Mortality at 3 months, n (%)

3 (2.0%)

1 (2.3%)

1.00

Hospital LOS, days; median (min, max)

8 (2, 42)

11 (1,46)

0.01*

Total cost, USD; median (min, max)

5913.62 (332.43, 19 567.33)

8973.43 (3481.69, 11 763.74)

 < 0.001*

ICU LOS, days; median (min, max)

1 (0, 11)

2 (0, 14)

0.01*

Ventilator, days; median (min, max)

1 (0, 8)

1 (0, 3)

0.03*