Table 4 The GLM analysis results of inpatient expenditures and length of stay: Adjusting for the secular trend

C-DRG reform (after vs. before^ref)

 − 0.008 (0.041)

 − 0.093 (0.046)^*

 − 3.748 (0.672)^***

 − 0.223 (0.040)^***

Age

0.003 (0.001)

 − 0.0007 (0.002)

 − 0.095 (0.024)^***

 − 0.002 (0.001)

Gender (female vs. male^ref)

0.003 (0.025)

 − 0.020 (0.028)

 − 0.338 (0.406)

0.005 (0.024)

Insurance types (URRBMI vs. UEBMI^ref)

 − 0.052 (0.029)

0.196 (0.033)^***

8.695 (0.483)^***

 − 0.126 (0.029)^***

Fracture location (femoral neck vs. trochanteric^ref)

0.215 (0.023)^***

0.233 (0.027)^***

0.793 (0.386) ^*

0.080 (0.023)^***

Treatment (HR/IF vs. others^ref)

1.897 (0.029)^***

1.931 (0.033)^***

0.831 (0.480)

1.103 (0.029)^***

Charlson Comorbidity Index (≥ 3 vs. < 3^ref)

 − 0.011 (0.031)

 − 0.035 (0.035)

 − 0.437 (0.508)

0.002 (0.030)

Hospital level (tertiary vs. secondary^ref)

0.180 (0.027)^***

0.454 (0.031)^***

10.675 (0.444)^***

0.044(0.027)

Hospital type (TCM vs. general^ref)

 − 0.007 (0.027)

0.013 (0.031)

0.644 (0.452)

 − 0.012 (0.027)

Intercept

7.942 (0.155)^***

7.150 (0.175)^***

44.103 (2.547)^***

1.937 (0.152)^***

Time trend

 − 0.002 (0.002)

 − 0.008 (0.003)^**

 − 0.237 (0.037)^***

0.009 (0.002)^***

September^a

 − 0.027 (0.042)

 − 0.078 (0.048)

 − 1.733 (0.700)^*

0.054 (0.042)

October^a

 − 0.004 (0.043)

 − 0.027 (0.048)

 − 0.653 (0.703)

 − 0.002 (0.042)

R-square

0.706

0.681

0.391

0.466