Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the population (n = 530)
Male sex | 179 (33) |
Age (years) | 82.9 ± 5.2 |
Comorbidities | |
Hypertension | 387 (73) |
Diabetes mellitus | 132 (24.9) |
Heart failure | 80 (15.1) |
Vascular disease | 86 (16.2) |
-Stroke | 32 (6) |
-Peripheral arterial disease | 54 (10.2) |
-Coronary heart disease | 22 (4.2) |
-Carotid stenosis | 62 (11.7) |
Atrial fibrillation | 111 (20.9) |
Chronic kidney disease | 151 (28.5) |
eGFR CKD-EPI (mL/min) | 65.6 ± 20.3 |
Resting hemodynamic parameters | |
SBP (mmHg) | 145 ± 25.2 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.7 ± 11.5 |
PP (mmHg) | 72.3 ± 19.9 |
MBP (mmHg) | 96.8 ± 14.5 |
HR (bpm) | 70.5 ± 11.8 |
Antihypertensive medications | |
Treatment for hypertension | 401 (75.7) |
Number of antihypertensive drugs | |
-1 | 153 (28.9) |
-2 | 132 (24.9) |
-3 or more | 113 (21.3) |
Type of antihypertensive medications | |
-ACEi/ARB | 223 (42) |
-CCB | 137 (25.8) |
-ß-blockers | 183 (34.6) |
-Diuretics | 168 (31.7) |
-Centrally-acting antihypertensive agents | 36 (6.8) |
-⍺-blockers | 44 (8.3) |
Geriatric characteristics | |
IADL | 3.0 ± 2.6 |
BADL | 5.0 ± 1.0 |
BADL ≤ 5 | 257 (48.6) |
Depression | 186 (35.5) |
Mini-GDS ≥ 1 | 111 (40.3) |
Dementia | 362 (68.3) |
MMSe score, /30 | 19.2 ± 5.8 |
Pathological MMSa | 362 (72.5) |
MMSe severity | |
-mild | 113 (31.2) |
-moderate | 195 (53.8) |
-severe | 54 (14.9) |
Pathological CDT | 248 (58.3) |
≥ 1 self-reported fall in the last 6 months | 213 (40.3) |
Malnutritionb | 97 (18) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1 ± 4.8 |
Albumin (g/L) | 39.8 ± 4.3 |
Sarcopeniac | 305 (57) |
Hand-grip strength (kg) | 16.7 ± 7.5 |
Low hand-grip strengthd | 402 (75.8) |
Walking speed (m/s) | 0.67 ± 0.25 |
Low walking speede | 365 (69.7) |