Table 3 Distribution of clinical characteristics by clusters based on Computed Tomography -scan findings
From: Computed tomography findings and prognosis in older COVID-19 patients
Cluster 1 (n :103) “LL” | Cluster 2 (n :62) “HH” | Cluster 3 (n :42) “HI” | Cluster 4 (n :17) “LH” | Cluster 5 (n :156) “HL” | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 81 (8) | 81 (11) | 76 (10) | 80 (8) | 76 (9) | < 0.001 |
Gender (M) | 46(45) | 27(44) | 27(64) | 6(35) | 108(69) | < 0.001 |
Household situation | ||||||
Living at home | 87(84) | 31(50) | 23(55) | 8(47) | 132(85) | < 0.01 |
Nutritional status | ||||||
Obese | 18(20) | 8(13) | 9(21) | 3(18) | 22(14) | 0.66 |
Underweight/malnourished | 18(20) | 6(10) | 7(16) | 3(18) | 14(9) | 0.26 |
PaO2/FIO2 | 311(108) | 260(103) | 261(120) | 202(108) | 257(106) | 0.001 |
Pneumonia severity | ||||||
No oxygen therapy | 33(32) | 21(34) | 17(41) | 5(29) | 52(34) | 0.89 |
Oxygen by mask or nasal prongs | 63(62) | 31(50) | 16(38) | 10(59) | 59(39) | < 0.01 |
NIV or HF oxygen | 6(6) | 8(13) | 6(14) | 2(12) | 30(19) | 0.05 |
Intubation and mechanical ventilation | 0(0) | 2(3) | 3(7) | 0(0) | 12(8) | 0.04 |
Main comorbidities | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 20(19) | 15(24) | 7(17) | 3(18) | 38(24) | 0.74 |
Chronic heart failure | 16(16) | 6(10) | 2(5) | 2(12) | 14(9) | 0.32 |
Atrial fibrillation | 14(14) | 6(10) | 8(19) | 1(6) | 21(13) | 0.60 |
Cognitive impairment | 16(16) | 15(24) | 5(12) | 2(12) | 13(8) | 0.04 |
Hypertension | 20(19) | 2(3) | 8(19) | 3(18) | 50(32) | 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 13(13) | 11(18) | 6(14) | 4(24) | 16(10) | 0.41 |
COPD | 9(9) | 4(6) | 2(5) | 2(12) | 21(13) | 0.35 |
Hospital stay (days) | 11 (IQR:28.5) | 9.5 (IQR:16.8) | 0 (IQR:9) | 0 (IQR:0) | 9 (IQR:16) | < 0.01 |
Outcome | ||||||
Clinical improvement | 58(56) | 27(44) | 21(50) | 4(24) | 88(56) | 0.04 |
Death | 22(21) | 19(31) | 17(40) | 12(71) | 25(16) | < 0.01 |
No major change | 2(2) | 0(0) | 1(2) | 0(0) | 11(7) | 0.06 |
Transfer to a different hospital | 20(19) | 15(24) | 3(7) | 1(6) | 32(21) | 0.13 |