Table 3 Fine and Gray competing risk Cox model results to test associations between loneliness and social isolation on time to first unplanned ED visit in SL residents from Alberta, Canada

 Lonely only

1.20 (1.14–1.26)

1.10 (1.04–1.15)

 Socially isolated only

0.80 (0.72–0.90)

0.95 (0.84–1.06)

 Neither lonely or socially isolated

1 (ref)

1 (ref)

 SL3

1 (ref)

 SL4

0.87 (0.82–0.92)

 SL4D

0.86 (0.8–0.93)

Female

0.94 (0.9–0.98)

Age, per 1 year increase

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

 0

1 (ref)

 1

0.93 (0.87–0.99)

 2

0.88 (0.81–0.95)

 3

0.85 (0.75–0.96)

  < 3

1 (ref)

  > =3

1.13 (1.07–1.18)

 0

1 (ref)

 1

1.04 (1.0–1.1)

 2

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

 3

0.66 (0.58–0.76)

 0

1 (ref)

 1

1.11 (1.07–1.16)

 3

1.02 (0.91–1.14)

Alzheimer’s Disease or other dementia

0.9 (0.85–0.94)

Any psychiatric diagnoses

0.96 (0.92–1.01)

 0

1 (ref)

 1

1.28 (1.21–1.36)

 2+

1.79 (1.71–1.88)

Number of medications, per 1 increase

1.06 (1.04–1.07)

Number of falls, per 1 increase

1.04 (1.02–1.05)