Table 1 Baseline characteristics and medication use over time by incident fall injury status (N = 1764)

Age, years

73.9 ± 3.0^a

73.5 ± 2.8

Women, N (%)

357 (65.5%)^b

561 (46.0%)

Black race, N (%)

154 (28.3%)^b

508 (41.7%)

Pittsburgh site, N (%)

243 (44.6%)^a

464 (38.1%)

Body mass index, kg/m²

26.7 ± 4.8^b

27.5 ± 4.7

Current smoker, N (%)

39 (7.2%)

116 (9.5%)

Alcohol > 1 drink/week, N (%)

257 (47.9%)

609 (50.7%)

≥ High school graduate, N (%)

440 (81.6%)^b

872 (72.4%)

Fall history, N (%)

144 (26.6%)^a

242 (19.9%)

Hypertension, N (%)

311 (57.0%)

695 (57.1%)

Cardiovascular disease, n (%)

91 (16.9%)

208 (17.3%)

Cerebrovascular disease, n (%)

45 (8.3%)

78 (6.5%)

Diabetes, N (%)

107 (19.7%)

264 (21.8%)

Cystatin C > 1.0, N (%)

236 (44.0%)

556 (46.0%)

Poor vision, N (%)

12 (2.2%)

25 (2.1%)

CES-D score

4.6 ± 5.2

4.5 ± 5.2

3MSE score

91.7 ± 6.9^b

90.3 ± 8.1

Knee or leg pain, N (%)

181 (33.3%)

379 (31.2%)

1.4 g Monofilament insensitivity, N (%)

207 (38.8%)

421 (35.1%)

6-m Gait speed, m/second

1.2 ± 0.2

1.2 ± 0.2

 1998/99 clinic visit

3.5 ± 2.7^a

3.0 ± 2.6

 1999/00 clinic visit

3.7 ± 2.9^b

3.3 ± 2.7

 2001/02 clinic visit

4.3 ± 3.1^b

3.7 ± 2.7

 2002/03 clinic visit

4.5 ± 3.2^b

4.0 ± 2.9

 2004/05 clinic visit

5.1 ± 3.3^a

4.6 ± 3.2

 2006/07 clinic visit

5.7 ± 3.3^a

5.0 ± 3.5

 2007/08 clinic visit

5.9 ± 3.7^a

5.3 ± 3.6

 1998/99 clinic visit

126 (23.1%)^b

201 (16.5%)

 1999/00 clinic visit

142 (26.0%)^b

220 (18.1%)

 2001/02 clinic visit

157 (28.8%)^b

252 (20.7%)

 2002/03 clinic visit

158 (29.0%)^b

270 (22.1%)

 2004/05 clinic visit

122 (22.4%)^b

232 (19.0%)

 2006/07 clinic visit

109 (20.0%)^b

211(17.3%)

 2007/08 clinic visit

102 (18.7%)^b

196 (16.1%)