| |
Total of healthcare and long-term care costs
|
Healthcare costs for all diseases
|
Inpatient healthcare costs for all diseases
|
Healthcare costs for PD
|
Inpatient healthcare costs for PD
|
Long-term care costs
|
|---|
| |
Coefficient
|
P-value
|
Coefficient
|
P-value
|
Coefficient
|
P-value
|
Coefficient
|
P-value
|
Coefficient
|
P-value
|
Coefficient
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
GLMsa
|
−0.26
|
< 0.01
|
−0.40
|
< 0.01
|
−0.70
|
< 0.01
|
−0.01
|
0.90
|
−0.52
|
< 0.01
|
0.01
|
0.91
|
|---|
| |
Costs
|
(SE)
|
Costs
|
(SE)
|
Costs
|
(SE)
|
Costs
|
(SE)
|
Costs
|
(SE)
|
Costs
|
(SE)
|
|---|
|
Physician visit frequency for PD treatment
|
|
Lower frequency
|
3922
|
(84)
|
2382
|
(50)
|
2153
|
(59)
|
1041
|
(43)
|
1029
|
(47)
|
1483
|
(83)
|
|
Higher frequency
|
3037
|
(62)
|
1594
|
(37)
|
1065
|
(39)
|
1033
|
(46)
|
612
|
(39)
|
1496
|
(61)
|
|
Sex
|
|
Male
|
3414
|
(76)
|
2015
|
(46)
|
1689
|
(55)
|
1002
|
(43)
|
832
|
(47)
|
1436
|
(86)
|
|
Female
|
3523
|
(71)
|
2011
|
(44)
|
1652
|
(53)
|
1068
|
(40)
|
876
|
(46)
|
1518
|
(61)
|
|
Age
|
|
75–79
|
3469
|
(112)
|
2176
|
(67)
|
1828
|
(82)
|
1062
|
(57)
|
880
|
(64)
|
1321
|
(111)
|
|
80–84
|
3604
|
(87)
|
2056
|
(52)
|
1696
|
(65)
|
1067
|
(48)
|
883
|
(55)
|
1541
|
(84)
|
|
85–89
|
3557
|
(100)
|
2001
|
(58)
|
1710
|
(70)
|
1100
|
(57)
|
930
|
(62)
|
1569
|
(101)
|
|
≥ 90
|
3040
|
(110)
|
1638
|
(74)
|
1279
|
(82)
|
812
|
(65)
|
616
|
(66)
|
1476
|
(135)
|
|
Residential facility
|
|
Home
|
3268
|
(57)
|
1958
|
(38)
|
1559
|
(42)
|
954
|
(32)
|
757
|
(33)
|
1330
|
(54)
|
|
Retirement home
|
3771
|
(266)
|
1953
|
(145)
|
1548
|
(162)
|
940
|
(118)
|
683
|
(116)
|
1738
|
(225)
|
|
Long-term care facility
|
3729
|
(123)
|
1431
|
(55)
|
1087
|
(58)
|
722
|
(46)
|
517
|
(44)
|
2131
|
(117)
|
|
Health care institute
|
4959
|
(211)
|
4827
|
(265)
|
4855
|
(357)
|
3510
|
(395)
|
3129
|
(394)
|
13
|
(5)
|
|
Long-term care level
|
|
None
|
2655
|
(74)
|
1903
|
(49)
|
1545
|
(59)
|
966
|
(46)
|
788
|
(50)
|
723
|
(54)
|
|
Requiring help
|
3836
|
(199)
|
2275
|
(109)
|
2014
|
(144)
|
1263
|
(103)
|
1163
|
(124)
|
1792
|
(220)
|
|
Long-term care level 1–2
|
4014
|
(106)
|
2004
|
(64)
|
1678
|
(77)
|
1068
|
(60)
|
905
|
(68)
|
1886
|
(99)
|
|
Long-term care level 3–5
|
3966
|
(101)
|
2093
|
(68)
|
1733
|
(80)
|
1038
|
(57)
|
822
|
(62)
|
1936
|
(110)
|
|
Mortality
|
|
No
|
2908
|
(94)
|
1656
|
(52)
|
1180
|
(54)
|
881
|
(50)
|
651
|
(50)
|
1314
|
(90)
|
|
Yes
|
3852
|
(72)
|
2210
|
(44)
|
1902
|
(51)
|
1112
|
(39)
|
939
|
(43)
|
1647
|
(91)
|
|
Malignancy
|
|
No
|
3479
|
(60)
|
1952
|
(37)
|
1615
|
(43)
|
1058
|
(36)
|
872
|
(40)
|
1550
|
(54)
|
|
Yes
|
3473
|
(95)
|
2181
|
(60)
|
1817
|
(74)
|
980
|
(49)
|
807
|
(55)
|
1287
|
(98)
|
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
|
No
|
3312
|
(63)
|
1897
|
(40)
|
1555
|
(47)
|
991
|
(37)
|
800
|
(39)
|
1447
|
(63)
|
|
Yes
|
3695
|
(86)
|
2168
|
(48)
|
1829
|
(61)
|
1104
|
(46)
|
936
|
(54)
|
1546
|
(83)
|
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
|
No
|
3281
|
(99)
|
1786
|
(52)
|
1419
|
(59)
|
1022
|
(48)
|
829
|
(52)
|
1497
|
(103)
|
|
Yes
|
3559
|
(58)
|
2111
|
(39)
|
1778
|
(49)
|
1045
|
(37)
|
867
|
(41)
|
1487
|
(52)
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
|
No
|
3580
|
(68)
|
2055
|
(42)
|
1724
|
(50)
|
1108
|
(40)
|
914
|
(44)
|
1500
|
(71)
|
|
Yes
|
3349
|
(80)
|
1957
|
(47)
|
1589
|
(57)
|
938
|
(41)
|
763
|
(45)
|
1479
|
(82)
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
|
No
|
3438
|
(67)
|
1943
|
(39)
|
1629
|
(47)
|
1042
|
(36)
|
866
|
(40)
|
1499
|
(67)
|
|
Yes
|
3535
|
(79)
|
2119
|
(50)
|
1734
|
(61)
|
1031
|
(46)
|
834
|
(51)
|
1478
|
(71)
|
|
Dementia
|
|
No
|
3034
|
(78)
|
1908
|
(51)
|
1495
|
(58)
|
928
|
(43)
|
713
|
(44)
|
993
|
(59)
|
|
Yes
|
3704
|
(69)
|
2075
|
(39)
|
1773
|
(50)
|
1103
|
(38)
|
941
|
(45)
|
1698
|
(63)
|
- Costs were converted from Japanese yen to US dollars (USD 1 = JPY 110)
- Abbreviation: SE Standard error
-
aGLMs only shows the result of physician visit frequency for PD treatment
