Table 4 Chi-square analysis of depression in the elderly with different characteristics
From: Factors affecting the evolution of Chinese elderly depression: a cross-sectional study
Variable | 2011 (N = 1872) | P value | 2013 (N = 1876) | P value | 2015 (N = 2224) | P value | 2018 (N = 2822) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | ||||||||
 East | 461(24.6) | < 0.001 | 486(25.9) | < 0.001 | 564(25.4) | < 0.001 | 750(26.6) | < 0.001 |
 Middle | 631(33.7) |  | 622(33.2) |  | 792(35.6) |  | 981(34.8) |  |
 Western | 780(41.7) |  | 768(40.9) |  | 868(39.0) |  | 1091(38.6) |  |
Gender | ||||||||
 Male | 713(38.1) | < 0.001 | 735(39.2) | < 0.001 | 847(38.1) | < 0.001 | 1107(39.2) | < 0.001 |
 Female | 1159(61.9) |  | 1141(60.8) |  | 1137(61.9) |  | 1715(60.8) |  |
Age | ||||||||
 60 ~ 69 | 1154(61.6) | 0.023 | 1233(65.7) | 0.004 | 1455(65.4) | < 0.001 | 1755(62.2) | 0.123 |
 70 ~ 79 | 553(29.5) |  | 515(27.5) |  | 648(29.1) |  | 884(31.3) |  |
 ≥ 80 | 165(8.9) |  | 128(6.8) |  | 121(5.6) |  | 183(6.5) |  |
Marriage | ||||||||
 Married | 1392(74.4) | < 0.001 | 1452(77.4) | 0.001 | 1690(76.0) | < 0.001 | 2174(77.0) | < 0.001 |
 Unmarried | 480(25.6) |  | 424(22.6) |  | 534(24.0) |  | 648(23.0) |  |
Education | ||||||||
 Illiterate or Primary school | 1672(89.3) | < 0.001 | 1615(86.1) | < 0.001 | 1907(85.8) | < 0.001 | 2311(81.9) | < 0.001 |
 Middle school | 168(9.0) |  | 205(10.9) |  | 259(11.6) |  | 392(13.9) |  |
 High school or above | 32(1.7) |  | 56(3.0) |  | 58(2.6) |  | 119(4.2) |  |
Residence | ||||||||
 Rural | 1576(84.2) | < 0.001 | 1587(84.6) | < 0.001 | 1838(82.6) | < 0.001 | 2224(78.8) | < 0.001 |
 City/town | 296(15.8) |  | 289(15.4) |  | 386(17.4) |  | 598(21.2) |  |
Individual income | ||||||||
 < 10,000 | 1759(94.0) | < 0.001 | 958(51.1) | < 0.001 | 2024(91.0) | < 0.001 | 1896(67.2) | < 0.001 |
 10,000 ~ 20,000 | 88(4.7) |  | 698(37.2) |  | 65(2.9) |  | 555(19.7) |  |
 ≥ 20,000 | 25(1.3) |  | 220(11.7) |  | 135(6.1) |  | 371(13.1) |  |
Social activity | ||||||||
 Yes | 757(40.4) | < 0.001 | 932(49.7) | < 0.001 | 1003(45.1) | < 0.001 | 1278(45.3) | < 0.001 |
 No | 1115(59.6) |  | 944(50.3) |  | 1221(54.9) |  | 1554(54.7) |  |
Nighttime sleep | ||||||||
 < 7 h | 1278(68.3) | < 0.001 | 1370(73.0) | < 0.001 | 1463(65.8) | < 0.001 | 1967(69.7) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 7 h | 594(31.7) |  | 506(27.0) |  | 761(34.2) |  | 855(30.3) |  |
ADL disability | ||||||||
 Yes | 937(50.1) | < 0.001 | 246(13.1) | < 0.001 | 336(15.1) | < 0.001 | 397(14.1) | < 0.001 |
 No | 935(49.9) |  | 1630(86.9) |  | 1888(84.9) |  | 2425(85.9) |  |
Self-reported heath | ||||||||
 Good | 71(3.8) | < 0.001 | 119(6.3) | < 0.001 | 142(6.4) | < 0.001 | 243(8.6) | < 0.001 |
 General | 359(19.2) |  | 507(27.1) |  | 581(26.1) |  | 1140(40.4) |  |
 Poor | 1442(77.0) |  | 1250(66.6) |  | 1501(67.5) |  | 1439(51.0) |  |
Chronic disease | ||||||||
 0 | 281(15.0) | < 0.001 | 349(18.6) | < 0.001 | 312(14.0) | < 0.001 | 1230(43.6) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 1 | 1591(85.0) |  | 1527(81.4) |  | 1912(86.0) |  | 1592(56.4) |  |