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Table 2 Logistic regression of frailty index (FI) *frailty phenotype (FP) trajectory groups and associated factors

From: Longitudinal changes of frailty in 8 years: comparisons between physical frailty and frailty index

A. Demographics and Baseline morbidities

FP trajectories

Stably robust + Improved frailty

Worsened frailty + Stably frail

FI trajectories

(N)

Stable

(1839)

Moderate increase + Rapid increase

(369)

Stable

(102)

Moderate increase + Rapid increase

(497)

  

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 1a

Model 2b

  

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Demographics

 Age

1

1.08 (1.06,1.10)

< 0.001

1.04 (1.01,1.07)

0.003

1.05 (1.03,1.08)

< 0.001

1.01 (0.98,1.04)

0.613

1.11 (1.09,1.13)

< 0.001

1.05 (1.02,1.08)

0.001

 Sex (male vs female)

1

0.6 (0.4,0.8)

0.001

0.9 (0.6,1.4)

0.761

1.2 (0.8,1.9)

0.417

2.1 (1.3,3.5)

0.003

1.0 (0.7,1.3)

0.791

1.9 (1.2,2.9)

0.004

 Education (≤6 vs > 6 years)

1

1.8 (1.3,2.6)

0.001

1.3 (0.8,2.1)

0.268

1.2 (0.7,1.8)

0.483

0.7 (0.4,1.2)

0.189

1.8 (1.3,2.5)

< 0.001

1.1 (0.7,1.9)

0.650

Baseline morbidities

 Diabetes

1

1.5 (1.0,2.2)

0.050

1.2 (0.7,2.0)

0.497

1.0 (0.5,2.1)

0.951

1.0 (0.5,2.2)

0.979

1.8 (1.3,2.6)

0.001

1.4 (0.8,2.5)

0.233

 Stroke

1

0.6 (0.2,1.4)

0.218

0.4 (0.2,1.1)

0.083

0.9 (0.2,4.1)

0.943

0.7 (0.2,3.6)

0.718

1.7 (0.8,3.3)

0.141

1.0 (0.4,2.7)

0.994

 Arthritis

1

1.3 (0.9,1.7)

0.122

1.0 (0.6,1.5)

0.869

1.2 (0.7,2.1)

0.435

1.1 (0.6,1.9)

0.773

0.8 (0.6,1.1)

0.180

0.6 (0.3,0.9)

0.012

B. Time-dependent variables

FP trajectories

Stably robust + Improved frailty

Worsened frailty + Stably frail

FI trajectories

Stable

Moderate increase + Rapid increase

Stable

Moderate increase + Rapid increase

Time-dependent variable trajectories

   

Model 2b

  

Model 2b

  

Model 2b

Comorbidityc

1

  

2.4 (1.6,3.5)

< 0.001

  

0.9 (0.6,1.5)

0.734

  

2.4 (1.5,3.7)

< 0.001

Self-rated healthd

1

  

2.2 (1.7,3.0)

< 0.001

  

1.7 (1.2,2.5)

0.004

  

3.0 (2.1,4.2)

< 0.001

Mobility impairmente

1

  

13.0 (8.5,19.8)

< 0.001

  

13.5 (8.0,22.5)

< 0.001

  

130.7 (74.4229.4)

< 0.001

CES-D-10e

1

  

13.9 (8.8,22.0)

< 0.001

  

7.6 (4.4,13.2)

< 0.001

  

34.2 (20.6,56.6)

< 0.001

Visual impairmentf

1

  

2.8 (1.9,4.0)

< 0.001

  

1.1 (0.6,1.8)

0.853

  

2.1 (1.4,3.2)

< 0.001

Hearing impairmentf

1

  

1.6 (1.0,2.4)

0.044

  

1.3 (0.8,2.3)

0.304

  

2.3 (1.5,3.7)

< 0.001

Oral intake difficultyf

   

1.7 (1.2,2.4)

0.005

  

1.4 (0.9,2.2)

0.154

  

2.2 (1.5,3.3)

< 0.001

Meet living expensesf

1

  

2.5 (1.6,4.0)

< 0.001

  

1.5 (0.8,2.7)

0.220

  

1.9 (1.2,3.2)

0.010

SPMSQ (age ≥ 65)g

1

  

9.7 (4.5, 20.8)

< 0.001

  

1.5 (0.4, 5.5)

0.578

  

9.2 (4.2,20.5)

< 0.001

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CES-D-10 Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, 10-item Likert score, SPMSQ Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire
  2. aModel 1: (included baseline characteristics and comorbidities only) adjusted for age, sex, education, baseline FP and FI score, and variables with p-value < 0.1 in Model 0 (see S4 Table)
  3. bModel 2: Model 1 + major time-dependent variables with p-value < 0.1 in Model 0 (see S4 Table)
  4. c(stable moderate + gradual increase + stable high) V.S stable low
  5. dlow, middle, high
  6. e(increase + stable high) vs (decrease + stable low)
  7. f(stable poor + decline) vs (stable good + improve)
  8. g(stable low + decrease) vs (stable high + improve)
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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