Table 3 Responses and test-retest reliability for the near-falls circumstances questions, including the location and direction off the near-fall, the activity preceding the near-fall and how the near-fall occurred
From: Development of a Parkinson’s disease specific falls questionnaire
Near-Falls Questions | Online Version (n = 30) | Paper Version (n = 16) | Combined Versions (n = 46) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test | Retest | Test-retest reliability | Test | Retest | Test-retest reliability | Test | Retest | Test-retest reliability | ||||
Kappa | SE | Kappa | SE | Kappa | SE | |||||||
Have you experienced a near-fall in the past 12-months? n (%) | 30 (100%) | 30 (100%) | – | – | 16 (100%) | 16 (100%) | – | – | 46 (100%) | 46 (100%) | – | – |
Number of near-falls in the past 12-months; median (IQR) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.44 | 0.12 | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.58 | 0.17 | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.51 | 0.11 |
Location of near-falls in the past 12-months; n (%) | ||||||||||||
Indoor | 4 (13%) | 4 (13%) | 1.00 | 0.14 | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 1.00 | 0.31 | 5 (11%) | 5 (11%) | 1.00 | 0.12 |
Outdoor | 6 (20%) | 6 (20%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 7 (15%) | 7 (15%) | ||||||
Both | 20 (67%) | 20 (67%) | 14 (88%) | 14 (88%) | 34 (74%) | 34 (74%) | ||||||
Number of indoor near-falls in the past 12-months; median (IQR) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (2–2) | 0.44 | 0.12 | 2 (2–3) | 2 (2–2) | 0.53 | 0.16 | 2.5 (2–3) | 2 (2–3) | 0.47 | 0.09 |
Number of outdoor near-falls in the past 12-months; median (IQR) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.56 | 0.14 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2.5–3) | 0.56 | 0.16 | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 0.56 | 0.10 |
Most recent near-falls circumstances; n (%) | ||||||||||||
Near fall 1: How the near-fall occurred? | ||||||||||||
Tripped | 21 (70%) | 20 (67%) | 0.41 | 0.14 | 10 (63%) | 9 (56%) | 0.77 | 0.19 | 31 (67%) | 29 (63%) | 0.56 | 0.11 |
Slipped | 7 (23%) | 8 (27%) | 4 (25%) | 5 (31%) | 11 (24%) | 13 (28%) | ||||||
FoG | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (4%) | ||||||
Fainted | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (4%) | 2 (4%) | ||||||
Near fall 2: How the near-fall occurred? | ||||||||||||
Tripped | 13 (43%) | 16 (53%) | 0.66 | 0.14 | 7 (44%) | 8 (50%) | 0.33 | 0.22 | 20 (44%) | 24 (52%) | 0.56 | 0.12 |
Slipped | 13 (43%) | 12 (40%) | 9 (56%) | 7 (44%) | 22 (47%) | 19 (41%) | ||||||
FoG | 4 (13%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (6%) | 4 (9%) | 3 (7%) | ||||||
Fainted | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Near fall 1: What activities you were doing? | ||||||||||||
Transitioning a | 16 (53%) | 17 (57%) | 0.59 | 0.15 | 11 (69%) | 12 (75%) | 0.75 | 0.21 | 27 (59%) | 29 (64%) | 0.65 | 0.12 |
Walking | 7 (23%) | 9 (30%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) | 9 (20%) | 11 (24%) | ||||||
Turning/ Bending over | 5 (17%) | 2 (7%) | 2 (12%) | 1 (6%) | 7 (15%) | 3 (6%) | ||||||
Missing b | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 3 (6%) | ||||||
Near fall 2: What activities you were doing? | ||||||||||||
Transitioning a | 7 (23%) | 7 (23%) | 0.78 | 0.18 | 5 (31%) | 5 (31%) | 0.79 | 0.26 | 12 (26%) | 12 (26%) | 0.79 | 0.14 |
Walking | 9 (30%) | 7 (23%) | 2 (12%) | 2 (12%) | 11 (24%) | 9 (20%) | ||||||
Turning/ Bending over | 7 (23%) | 4 (13%) | 8 (50%) | 3 (19%) | 15 (33%) | 7 (15%) | ||||||
Missing b | 7 (23%) | 12 (40%) | 1 (6%) | 6 (38%) | 8 (17%) | 18 (39%) | ||||||
Near fal1 l: Which direction did you nearly fall? | ||||||||||||
Forwards | 14 (47%) | 14 (47%) | 0.51 | 0.14 | 9 (56%) | 7 (44%) | 0.48 | 0.17 | 23 (50%) | 21 (46%) | 0.54 | 0.11 |
Backwards | 7 (23%) | 12 (40%) | 4 (25%) | 6 (38%) | 11 (24%) | 18 (39%) | ||||||
Side (Left) | 4 (13%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (13%) | 2 (13%) | 6 (13%) | 5 (11%) | ||||||
Side (Right) | 2 (7%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 1 (6%) | 3 (6%) | 2 (4%) | ||||||
Missing b | 3 (10%) | – | – | – | 3 (6%) | – | ||||||
Near fall 2: Which direction did you nearly fall? | ||||||||||||
Forwards | 15 (50%) | 13 (43%) | 0.46 | 0.13 | 8 (50%) | 7 (44%) | 0.38 | 0.16 | 23 (50%) | 20 (44%) | 0.43 | 0.10 |
Backwards | 11 (37%) | 9 (30%) | 7 (44%) | 4 (24%) | 18 (39%) | 13 (28%) | ||||||
Side (Left) | 1 (3%) | 4 (13%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (19%) | 1 (2%) | 7 (15%) | ||||||
Side (Right) | 2 (7%) | 3 (10%) | 1 (6%) | 2 (13%) | 3 (6%) | 5 (11%) | ||||||
Missing b | 1 (3%) | 1 (3%) | – | – | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | ||||||