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Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression results for feelings of loneliness in the emotional and social domains among young elderly parents, N = 1645

From: Loneliness in older parents: marital transitions, family and social connections, and separate bedrooms for sleep

 

Loneliness: AOR (95% CI)

Emotional Domain

Social Domain

Social and family connection variables

 Marital status (ref = Married)

  Divorced

1.16 (0.52, 2.57)

1.80 (1.13, 2.86)*

  Widowed

3.52 (2.17, 5.73)**

1.11 (0.79, 1.58)

  Others

3.51 (0.82, 14.97)§

1.85 (0.61, 5.66)

 Living alone

1.10 (0.59, 2.04)

1.50 (1.02, 2.23)*

 Family cohesion

0.88 (0.81, 0.97)**

0.79 (0.75, 0.84)**

 Weekly contact with friends

0.92 (0.75, 1.13)

0.81 (0.71, 0.92)**

 Household size

0.91 (0.81, 1.03)

0.95 (0.88, 1.02)

 Sleep problems

  Subjective sleep quality

1.04 (0.76, 1.42)

1.31 (1.08, 1.60)*

  Sleep disturbance

1.17 (0.73, 1.87)

1.03 (0.76, 1.39)

  Use of sleep medicine

0.91 (0.73, 1.15)

0.80 (0.69, 0.94)**

  Daytime dysfunction

1.82 (1.23, 2.70)**

1.07 (0.80, 1.43)

Psychological well-being

 Depressive symptoms

  Depressive domain

1.85 (1.64, 2.09)**

1.06 (0.98, 1.16)

  Somatic domain

0.98 (0.92, 1.06)

0.97 (0.92, 1.02)

 Self-esteem

0.95 (0.87, 1.04)

0.92 (0.87, 0.98)**

 Feeling of fulfillment

0.78 (0.59, 1.03)§

0.62 (0.51, 0.74)**

 Perceived poor health (ref = Good)

1.16 (0.76, 1.77)

1.39 (1.08, 1.79)*

Covariates

 Male (ref = Female)

2.38 (1.52, 3.73)**

1.11 (0.84, 1.46)

 Age

0.96 (0.91, 1.01)§

1.02 (0.99, 1.05)

 Education (ref = Primary education)

  High school

1.14 (0.74, 1.75)

1.27 (0.97, 1.66)§

  College and above

1.51 (0.78, 2.90)

2.17 (1.46, 3.20)**

 Perceived economic strain (ref = Sufficient)

1.34 (0.80, 2.32)

1.29 (0.88, 1.89)

  1. Abbreviations: AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
  2. §p < 0.10; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01