Table 2 Clinical CEAP classification by subject demographics and functional tests
C0a N=252 | C1-C3a N=251 | C4-C6a N=48 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex1 | <0.001 | |||
Female | 138 (40.1%) | 180 (52.3%) | 26 (7.56%) | |
Male | 114 (55.6%) | 69 (33.7%) | 22 (10.7%) | |
Living status1 | 0.064 | |||
Living alone | 65 (39.6%) | 87 (53.0%) | 12 (7.32%) | |
Living with spouse or other family member | 186 (48.4%) | 162 (42.2%) | 36 (9.38%) | |
Education1 | 0.248 | |||
No education/Primary school | 42 (40.4%) | 56 (53.8%) | 6 (5.77%) | |
Secondary school | 95 (49.5%) | 78 (40.6%) | 19 (9.90%) | |
Post-secondary level education/vocational college/university | 89 (46.8%) | 87 (45.8%) | 14 (7.37%) | |
Age, mean (SD)2 | 77.9 (4.08) | 78.8 (4.11) | 79.0 (4.66) | 0.047 |
Age ranges | 0.143 | |||
70–75 | 59 (54.6%) | 42 (38.9%) | 7 (6.48%) | |
75–80 | 113 (48.3%) | 103 (44.0%) | 18 (7.69%) | |
80–85 | 62 (38.3%) | 84 (51.9%) | 16 (9.88%) | |
85–90 | 16 (38.1%) | 19 (45.2%) | 7 (16.7%) | |
90–93 | 2 (40.0%) | 3 (60.0%) | 0 (0.00%) | |
Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg), mean (SD)2 | 142 (22.0) | 141 (20.6) | 144 (22.2) | 0.780 |
Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg), mean (SD)2 | 82.6 (11.1) | 82.8 (10.8) | 83.0 (13.6) | 0.962 |
Lenght, cm, mean (SD)2 | 164 (8.82) | 163 (8.67) | 166 (9.49) | 0.032 |
Weight, kg, mean (SD)2 | 72.5 (12.3) | 72.2 (13.3) | 81.4 (16.4) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean2 (SD) | 26.9 (3.77) | 27.3 (4.48) | 29.6 (5.05) | <0.001 |
Balance test, score, mean (SD)2 | 3.60 (0.82) | 3.52 (0.84) | 3.13 (1.10) | 0.003 |
4 m walk test, score, mean (SD)2 | 3.94 (0.52) | 3.91 (0.35) | 3.86 (0.42) | 0.496 |
Chair stand test,score, mean (Sd)2 | 2.74 (1.14) | 2.67 (1.08) | 2.24 (1.18) | 0.020 |
SPPB, total score, mean (SD)2 | 10.2 (1.71) | 10.0 (1.81) | 9.00 (2.55) | <0.001 |
10 m walk test, seconds, mean (SD)2 | 8.63 (1.90) | 8.97 (2.23) | 9.44 (2.01) | 0.031 |
Use of ancillary in SPPB or walk test1 | 0.007 | |||
No | 241 (45.7%) | 244 (46.3%) | 42 (7.97%) | |
Yes | 6 (42.9%) | 3 (21.4%) | 5 (35.7%) | |
Number of children (females)1 | 2.85 (1.53) | 3.09 (2.12) | 3.50 (3.11) | 0.258 |
History of venous interventions1 | 0.018 | |||
No | 234 (47.7%) | 217 (44.2%) | 40 (8.15%) | |
Yes | 8 (26.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | 6 (20.0%) | |
History of deep venous thrombosis1 | 0.021 | |||
No | 244 (46.5%) | 238 (45.3%) | 43 (8.19%) | |
Yes | 3 (21.4%) | 7 (50.0%) | 4 (28.6%) | |
Hip fraction1 | 1(0.40%) | 4 (1.59%) | 2 (4.17%) | 0.057 |
Body composition measurements: 2 | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 26.7 (3.76) | 27.0 (4.03) | 29.2 (4.92) | 0.007 |
Body fat mass (kg), mean (SD) | 24.7 (8.09) | 25.7 (8.54) | 30.4 (10.9) | 0.004 |
Fat free mass (kg), mean (SD) | 47.4 (9.44) | 45.5 (8.66) | 49.8 (10.2) | 0.028 |
Percentage body fat (%), mean (SD) | 33.9 (8.05) | 35.6 (8.58) | 37.2 (9.01) | 0.058 |
Skeletal muscle mass (kg), mean (SD) | 25.2 (6.23) | 24.5 (5.12) | 26.9 (5.91) | 0.096 |
Percentage skeletal muscle mass (%), mean (SD) | 35.1 (6.21) | 34.6 (4.91) | 33.8 (5.08) | 0.395 |
Muscle fat ratio, mean (SD) | 114 (47.3) | 109 (56.8) | 102 (53.5) | 0.479 |