Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of residents with and without delirium according to the DOSS
From: The prevalence of delirium in Belgian nursing homes: a cross-sectional evaluation
Resident characteristics | Entire sample (n = 338), n (%) | Delirium (n = 48, 14.2 %), n (%) | No delirium (n = 290, 85.8 %), n (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | (Years) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 84.7 (8.0, 65–102) | 85.5 (6.2, 72–97) | 84.6 (8.3, 62–102) | 0.397 |
Time being resident | (Years) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 2.7 (2.7, 0–25) | 2.5 (2.6, 0–13) | 2.7 (2.7, 0–25) | 0.727 |
Gender | Male | 110 (32.5) | 16 (33.3) | 94 (32.4) | 0.875 |
Female | 228 (67.5) | 32 (66.7) | 196 (67.6) | ||
Smoking | Yes | 34 (10.1) | 3 (6.3) | 31 (10.7) | 0.445 |
¬ (Amount) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 1.0 (3.6, 0–25) | 0.75 (3.7, 0–24) | 1.0 (3.6, 0–25) | 0.677 | |
Alcohol use | Yes | 98 (29.0) | 10 (20.8) | 88 (30.3) | 0.235 |
¬ (Number of drinks) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 0.4 (1.0, 0–10) | 1.2 (2.5, 0–7) | 1.0 (2.0, 0–7) | 0.627 | |
Type of room | Single | 260 (76.9) | 40 (83.3) | 220 (75.9) | 0.365 |
Double | 78 (23.1) | 8 (16.7) | 70 (24.1) | ||
Being visited | None | 41 (12.1) | 9 (18.8) | 32 (11.0) | 0.306 |
Daily | 56 (16.6) | 4 (8.3) | 52 (17.9) | ||
Weekly | 177 (52.4) | 25 (52.1) | 152 (52.4) | ||
Two-weekly | 25 (7.4) | 3 (6.3) | 22 (7.6) | ||
Monthly | 39 (11.5) | 7 (14.6) | 32 (11.0) | ||
Being physically restrained | Yes | 52 (15.4) | 16 (33.3) | 36 (12.4) | 0.0015 |
Participating in activities | Never | 33.1 (112) | 12 (25.0) | 100 (34.5) | 0.046 |
Daily | 30 (8.9) | 1 (2.1) | 29 (10.0) | ||
Weekly | 121 (35.8) | 26 (54.2) | 95 (32.8) | ||
Two-weekly | 121 (8.9) | 3 (6.3) | 27 (9.3) | ||
Monthly | 45 (13.3) | 6 (12.5) | 39 (12.4) | ||
Fall incident last 90 days | Yes | 108 (32.0) | 24 (50.0) | 84 (29.0) | 0.0075 |
Loss of significant someone | Yes | 70 (20.7) | 15 (31.3) | 55 (19.0) | 0.065 |
Cognitive impairment | (Score) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 16.7 (6.0, 2–30) | 9.1 (4.6, 2–19) | 18.0 (5.3, 2–30) | < 0.0017 |
MoCA ≥ 262 | 314 (92.9) | 48 (100.0) | 266 (91.7) | 0.045 | |
MoCA ≥ 253 | 304 (89.9) | 48 (100.0) | 256 (88.3) | 0.0085 | |
ADL score4 | (Score) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 13.4 (4.7, 6–24) | 15.6 (4.9, 6–24) | 13.1 (4.6, 6–23) | 0.0017 |
Bladder catheter | Yes | 14 (4.1) | 3 (6.3) | 11 (3.8) | 0.43 |
Medication | (Number) Mean (SD, min. – max.)1 | 8.43 (4.6, 0–29) | 8.6 (5.1, 3–25) | 8.4 (4.6, 0–29) | 0.84 |
Medication | Antipsychotics | 53 (15.7) | 14 (29.2) | 39 (13.4) | 0.0094 |
Chronic pathology | Dementia | 93 (27.5) | 22 (45.8) | 71 (24.5) | 0.0054 |
Pneumonia | 65 (19.2) | 4 (8.3) | 61 (21.0) | 0.0474 | |
Parkinson | 37 (10.9) | 10 (20.8) | 27 (9.3) | 0.034 | |