Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all participants according to categorized MMSE scores
Characteristics | Total Subjects | Baseline MMSE Score | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | 27–29 | 24–26 | < 24 | |||
N | 1854 | 468 | 841 | 293 | 252 | Â |
Age (years), mean ± SD | 71.01 ± 7.00 | 68.44 ± 6.58 | 70.22 ± 6.88 | 73.53 ± 6.69 | 75.51 ± 5.38 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 24.96 ± 3.43 | 24.75 ± 3.30 | 24.88 ± 3.46 | 25.29 ± 3.37 | 25.26 ± 3.59 | 0.075 |
Waistline (cm), mean ± SD | 88.04 ± 9.42 | 87.53 ± 9.15 | 87.74 ± 9.80 | 89.14 ± 9.60 | 88.69 ± 8.29 | 0.061 |
SBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 138.25 ± 19.31 | 134.65 ± 17.95 | 136.79 ± 17.64 | 142.21 ± 20.82 | 145.15 ± 22.55 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg), mean ± SD | 77.15 ± 9.71 | 76.60 ± 8.72 | 76.82 ± 9.60 | 77.98 ± 11.27 | 78.28 ± 9.76 | 0.046 |
FPG (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 6.03 ± 1.53 | 5.88 ± 1.29 | 6.01 ± 1.41 | 6.13 ± 1.84 | 6.27 ± 1.88 | 0.004 |
TC (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 5.25 ± 1.01 | 5.30 ± 1.03 | 5.21 ± 0.99 | 5.23 ± 1.00 | 5.32 ± 1.02 | 0.275 |
HDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 1.66 ± 0.90 | 1.41 ± 0.40 | 1.41 ± 0.39 | 1.43 ± 0.38 | 1.45 ± 0.36 | 0.451 |
LDL (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 1.42 ± 0.38 | 3.27 ± 0.89 | 3.19 ± 0.86 | 3.18 ± 0.81 | 3.28 ± 0.86 | 0.218 |
TG (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 3.22 ± 0.86 | 1.71 ± 1.04 | 1.65 ± 0.83 | 1.67 ± 0.96 | 1.59 ± 0.75 | 0.405 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean ± SD | 80.18 ± 14.71 | 82.75 ± 13.79 | 80.61 ± 14.89 | 77.79 ± 14.23 | 76.78 ± 15.32 | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 754 (40.67%) | 216 (46.15%) | 373 (44.35%) | 108 (36.86%) | 57 (22.62%) | < 0.001 |
Education level, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 0-6 years | 452 (24.45%) | 32 (6.84%) | 108 (12.92%) | 114 (38.91%) | 198 (78.57%) |  |
 7-12 years | 776 (41.97%) | 200 (42.74%) | 414 (49.52%) | 124 (42.32%) | 38 (15.08%) |  |
  ≥ 13 years | 621 (33.59%) | 236 (50.43%) | 314 (37.56%) | 55 (18.77%) | 16 (6.35%) |  |
Marital status, n (%) |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Married | 1552 (85.56%) | 423 (91.16%) | 724 (88.08%) | 228 (80.85%) | 177 (71.95%) |  |
 Single/divorced/widowed | 262 (14.44%) | 41 (8.84%) | 98 (11.92%) | 54 (19.15%) | 69 (28.05%) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 |
 Never | 1350 (72.82%) | 338 (72.22%) | 622 (73.96%) | 213 (72.70%) | 177 (70.24%) |  |
 Former | 315 (16.99%) | 82 (17.52%) | 125 (14.86%) | 47 (16.04%) | 61 (24.21%) |  |
 Current | 189 (10.19%) | 48 (10.26%) | 94 (11.18%) | 33 (11.26%) | 14 (5.56%) |  |
Current drinking, n (%) | 487 (26.27%) | 134 (28.63%) | 235 (27.94%) | 77 (26.28%) | 41 (16.27%) | 0.001 |
CHD, n (%) | 435 (23.46%) | 106 (22.65%) | 197 (23.42%) | 73 (24.91%) | 59 (23.41%) | 0.915 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 1322 (71.58%) | 306 (65.95%) | 586 (69.93%) | 227 (77.47%) | 203 (80.56%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 430 (23.24%) | 103 (22.01%) | 200 (23.87%) | 73 (25.00%) | 54 (21.43%) | 0.670 |
Stroke, n (%) | 226 (12.22%) | 40 (8.57%) | 100 (11.95%) | 43 (14.68%) | 43 (17.06%) | 0.005 |
Family history of dementia, n (%) | 80 (4.31%) | 17 (3.63%) | 48 (5.71%) | 8 (2.73%) | 7 (2.78%) | 0.053 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 985 (53.13%) | 250 (53.42%) | 462 (54.93%) | 149 (50.85%) | 124 (49.21%) | 0.350 |
Antiplatelet agents, n (%) | 421 (22.72%) | 91 (19.44%) | 203 (24.17%) | 71 (24.23%) | 56 (22.22%) | 0.233 |
Antihypertensive agents, n (%) | 846 (45.75%) | 208 (44.44%) | 384 (45.82%) | 144 (49.32%) | 110 (43.82%) | 0.533 |
Hypoglycemic therapy, n (%) | 307 (16.59%) | 76 (16.24%) | 142 (16.92%) | 52 (17.81%) | 37 (14.74%) | 0.791 |
Lipid-lowering therapy, n (%) | 205 (11.29%) | 50 (10.94%) | 110 (13.38%) | 28 (9.69%) | 17 (6.88%) | 0.027 |
ADL impairment, n (%) | 203 (10.95%) | 40 (8.55%) | 67 (7.97%) | 41 (13.99%) | 55 (21.83%) | < 0.001 |