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Table 1 Outcome measuresb

From: The longitudinal associations between change in physical activity and cognitive functioning in older adults with chronic illness (es)

Measurement Instrument

Concept

Measure

Scoring/ missing items

Scoring range

Higher score indicates

% valid a

Primary outcome measures

VLT

Verbal memory

Learning curve ratio

(Trial 1 + (Trial 2-Trial 1) + (Trial 3-Trial 2) + (Trial 4-Trial 3) + (Trial 5-Trial 4)) / 5

0–3 words per trial

Better learning capacity

98%

 

Mean number of recalled words trial 1–5

(Trial 1 + Trial 2 + Trial 3 + Trial 4 + Trial 5) / 5

0–15 words

Better short-term verbal memory

 
 

Number of words recalled in delayed trial

 

0–15 words

Better long-term verbal memory

 

TMT

Task switching

Time to complete part B minus time to complete A in sec

 

0-∞ sec

Worse shifting capacity

96%

SST

Inhibition

SSRT in ms

The SSRT is estimated in accordance with De Jong et al. [42] and Tannock et al. [43]. Negative SSRT values are excluded from the analyses [44].

0–1500 ms

Worse inhibition

90%

LDST

Processing speed

Number of correct substitutions

 

0–125 subs

Better processing speed

96%

Physical activity

ActiGraph GT3X-BT

PA

MVPA minutes per week

Data downloaded with frequency extension on with ActiLife software [45]. Valid if worn 4 days during 10 h or more [46]. Non-wear definition by algorithm of Choi et al. [47]. PA scoring by Freedson-VM cut-off points [48] and by Aguilar-Fariaz cut-off points [49].

0–6720 min

More MVPA

96%

 

LPA minutes per week

 

0–10,080 min

More LPA

 
  1. Abbreviations: VLT Verbal learning test, TMT Trail making test, SST Stop-signal task, LDST Letter digit substitution test, PA Physical activity, SSRT Stop-signal reaction time, MVPA Moderate-to-vigorous physical activit, LPA Light physical activity. aTest outcomes were excluded if scores were deemed invalid by test administer when 1) technical problems occurred, 2) participants refused to complete a test or lacked motivation, 3) participants had physical limitations (arm amputated, hearing loss, etc.) or cognitive restrictions (participant is unable to understand the instruction), or 4) participants deviated from the instructions. bDerived from Table 1 in [33]