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Table 1 Participant characteristics comparing included Insight 46 participants and all other NSHD participants with complete records

From: Grip strength from midlife as an indicator of later-life brain health and cognition: evidence from a British birth cohort

 

Age 53

(omitted)

Age 53

(included)

p-value

Age 60-64

(omitted)

Age 60-64

(included)

p-value

Age 69

(omitted)

Age 69

(included)

p-value

No. with complete records

M:

F:

962 (49.0)

1000 (51.0)

211 (50.7)

205 (49.3)

0.53

599 (48.0)

649 (52.0)

208 (51.2)

198 (48.8)

0.25

681 (48.5)

722 (51.5)

217 (51.4)

205 (48.6)

0.30

Age, years

M:

F:

53.5 (0.2)

53.5 (0.2)

53.4 (0.2)

53.4 (0.2)

0.12

0.01

63.2 (1.2)

63.4 (1.1)

63.4 (1.0)

63.3 (1.1)

0.10

0.54

69.5 (0.2)

69.5 (0.2)

69.5 (0.2)

69.5 (0.2)

0.02

0.09

Physical performance

 Max grip strength (kg)

M:

F:

47.8 (12.0)

27.5 (7.9)

47.2 (12.7)

29.5 (7.7)

0.62

<0.001

44.5 (11.7)

26.2 (7.4)

45.8 (11.3)

26.5 (7.4)

0.15

0.60

39.9 (8.6)

24.0 (5.9)

41.2 (8.3)

24.7 (5.5)

0.04

0.12

Body size

 Height (cm)

M:

F:

174.6 (6.5)

161.6 (5.9)

175.1 (6.1)

162.2 (5.6)

0.25

0.14

174.7 (6.6)

161.7 (5.9)

175.5 (5.9)

162.2 (5.4)

0.13

0.37

173.8 (6.4)

160.4 (5.9)

174.1 (6.2)

161.1 (5.5)

0.56

0.12

 Weight (kg)

M:

F:

83.4 (13.8)

71.4 (14.2)

83.1 (11.3)

69.9 (12.2)

0.77

0.17

85.6 (13.7)

73.5 (15.4)

84.7 (11.9)

71.7 (12.8)

0.42

0.14

83.8 (12.0)

70.3 (13.1)

83.8 (12.0)

70.3 (13.1)

0.12

0.02

Sociodemographics; N (%)

 Adult SEP

Manual

708 (36.1)

64 (15.4)

<0.001

398 (31.9)

67 (16.5)

<0.001

451 (31.1)

62 (14.7)

<0.001

Non-manual

1254 (63.9)

352 (84.6)

850 (68.1)

339 (83.5)

952 (67.9)

360 (85.3)

 Education level (at 26)

No formal

1152 (58.7)

135 (32.4)

<0.001

668 (53.5)

127 (31.3)

<0.001

782 (55.7)

133 (31.5)

<0.001

School exams

671 (34.2)

210 (50.5)

474 (38.0)

207 (51.0)

513 (36.6)

218 (51.7)

Degree+

139 (7.1)

71 (17.1)

106 (8.5)

72 (17.7)

108 (7.7)

71 (16.8)

Behavioural and health risk factors

 Physical activity (last 4 weeks); N (%)

None

1005 (51.2)

130 (31.2)

<0.001

827 (66.3)

208 (51.2)

<0.001

863 (61.5)

185 (43.8)

<0.001

1-4 times

331 (16.9)

93 (22.4)

156 (12.5)

79 (19.5)

183 (13.0)

62 (14.7)

5+ times

626 (31.9)

193 (46.4)

265 (21.2)

119 (29.3)

357 (25.5)

175 (41.5)

 FHS-CVD risk score

11.1 (3.2)

9.8 (2.7)

<0.001

14.3 (3.2)

13.5 (2.9)

<0.001

15.7 (3.2)

15.1 (3.0)

<0.001

Baseline cognition

 Childhood cognitive ability (z-score)

0.1 (0.9)

0.6 (0.8)

<0.001

0.1 (0.9)

0.6 (0.8)

<0.001

0.1 (0.9)

0.6 (0.8)

<0.001

  1. * Occupation at age 53 or imputed from earlier in life if missing
  2. † Office-based FHS-CVD risk scores were calculated for each participant as per the supplementary tables in D’Agostino et al. (2008) based on their age, sex, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP; medicated or unmedicated), diabetes status, and smoking status
  3. ‡ General cognitive ability was tested at age 15, age 11, and/or age 8, and standardised based on all study participants at each age
  4. ‘Omitted’ refers to those in the whole NSHD with complete records at each study wave who were not included in the analysis of cognitive and neuroimaging outcomes; ‘included’ refers to those in the present study (total n = 446). Continuous measures are given as mean (SD) to 1 decimal place (d.p.), and categorical variables are given as number (%). P-values are from chi-squared tests for categorical variables, and two-tailed t-tests for continuous variables
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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