Table 1 Characteristics of the participants at baseline

N

60,439 (91.44)

5,661 (8.56)

-

Age (years)

61 (15)

64 (14)

<0.01

Male (%)

26,996 (44.67)

2,789(49.27)

<0.01

Education I (%)

23,592 (39.03)

2,889 (51.03)

<0.01

Education II (%)

22,891 (37.87)

1,909 (33.72)

Education III (%)

13,956 (23.09)

863 (15.24)

BMI (kg/m2)

25.88 (5.15)

28.26 (5.78)

<0.01

Current smoke (%)

11,851 (19.64)

1,096 (19.39)

0.65

Current drink (%)

30,368 (50.33)

2,306 (40.79)

<0.01

Rural (%)

24,182 (30.36)

1,517 (28.05)

<0.01

Dominant HGS (kg)

-

-

-

Men

44 (14)

43 (15)

<0.01

Women

27 (9)

25 (10)

<0.01

Relative HGS (m²)

-

-

-

Men

3.21 (1.17)

2.89 (1.00)

<0.01

Women

2.00 (0.81)

1.71 (0.74)

<0.01

Heart problems (%)

6,047 (10.01)

909 (16.06)

<0.01

Stroke (%)

1,748 (2.89)

229 (4.05)

<.001

Hypertension (%)

26,988 (32.43)

2,732 (48.26)

<0.01

Lunge problems (%)

2,995 (4.96)

361 (6.38)

<0.01

Cancer (%)

3,390 (5.51)

301 (5.32)

0.36

Arthritis (%)

12,271 (20.30)

1,308 (23.11)

<0.01

High cholesterol (%)

12,131 (20.07)

1,612 (28.48)

<0.01

Parkinson’s disease (%)

236 (0.39)

34 (0.60)

0.02

Hip fracture (%)

1,112 (1.84)

126 (2.23)

0.04

Ulcer (%)

3,537 (5.85)

393 (6.94)

<0.01