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Table 3 Cross-sectional associations for frailty and health service utilisation: health service usage in last 12 months

From: Association of frailty with health service utilisation and health care expenditure in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Côte d’Ivoire

 

Model 1: unadjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Model 2: adjusted

PR (95% CI) [p-val.]

Model 3: adjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Model 4: adjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Model 5: adjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Model 6: adjusted

PR (95% CI)

[p-val.]

Admitted to hospital overnight in last 12 months

 Pre-frail

4.5 (− 0.9–10.0) [0.205]

4.5 (− 0.9–9.8) [0.205]

4.5 (− 0.9–10.0) [0.205]

4.6 (− 1.0–10.2) [0.203]

4.3 (−0.9–9.6) [0.213]

4.3 (− 0.9–9.4) [0.215]

 Frail

7.2 (− 1.0–15.3) [0.139]

7.1 (− 1.1–15.2) [0.145]

7.3 (− 1.1–15.6) [0.141]

7.5 (− 1.1–16.2) [0.138]

6.4 (−1.0–13.8) [0.155]

6.4 (− 1.1–14.0) [0.159]

General practitioner in last 12 months

 Pre-frail

1.3 (0.8–1.7) [0.283]

1.2 (0.8–1.7) [0.325]

1.2 (0.8–1.7) [0.306]

1.2 (0.8–1.7) [0.307]

1.3 (0.8–1.7) [0.263]

1.2 (0.8–1.6) [0.380]

 Frail

2.1 (1.4–2.7) [0.001]

2.0 (1.4–2.7) [0.002]

2.2 (1.5–2.8) [0.001]

2.0 (1.4–2.7) [0.002]

2.2 (1.5–2.8) [0.001]

2.1 (1.4–2.7) [0.002]

Consulted a specialist doctor in last 12 months

 Pre-frail

2.0 (0.6–3.3) [0.168]

2.0 (0.6–3.5) [0.151]

1.9 (0.6–3.2) [0.167]

2.0 (0.6–3.4) [0.167]

2.1 (0.6–3.5) [0.149]

2.1 (0.6–3.5) [0.144]

 Frail

2.0 (0.7–3.2) [0.135]

2.1 (0.7–3.4) [0.113]

2.2 (0.9–3.6) [0.073]

2.0 (0.7–3.4) [0.131]

2.3 (0.8–3.7) [0.085]

2.5 (0.9–4.1) [0.067]

Self-medication in last 12 months

 Pre-frail

1.4 (1.0–1.9) [0.062]

1.4 (1.0–1.9) [0.0646]

1.4 (1.0–1.9) [0.057]

1.5 (1.0–1.9) [0.054]

1.4 (1.0–1.9) [0.058]

1.5 (1.0–1.9) [0.052]

 Frail

1.7 (1.2–2.2) [0.004]

1.7 (1.2–2.2) [0.0035]

1.7 (1.2–2.1) [0.006]

1.7 (1.3–2.2) [0.003]

1.7 (1.2–2.2) [0.004]

1.8 (1.3–2.3) [0.004]

Traditional practitioner in last 12 months

 Pre-frail

1.9 (0.6–3.1) [0.177]

1.8 (0.6–3.1) [0.179]

1.9 (0.6–3.1) [0.170]

1.9 (0.6–3.1) [0.171]

1.8 (0.6–3.1) [0.179]

1.9 (0.6–3.1) [0.166]

 Frail

2.8 (1.1–4.5) [0.033]

2.8 (1.1–4.5) [0.037]

2.7 (1.1–4.3) [0.037]

2.8 (1.2–4.5) [0.031]

2.7 (1.1–4.4) [0.040]

2.8 (1.1–4.6) [0.040]

  1. Reference group: robust (non-frail) PR prevalence ratio; CI confident interval; p-val. p-value of the test of H0: PR = 1; ref. reference category; model 1:unadjusted; model 2: adjusted by sex, age groups, and marital status; model 3: adjusted by health insurance; model 4: adjusted by area of residence and location; model 5: adjusted by employment status and education level; model 6: adjusted by sex, age groups, marital status, health insurance, area of residence, location, employment status and education level. The number of observations in all estimations is n = 860
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BMC Geriatrics

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