| Overall frailty | |
---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | P-value | |
Age (years) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | < 0.001 |
Sex (female vs. male) | 2.20 (1.75–2.76) | < 0.001 |
Country |  | < 0.001 |
 Spain vs. the Netherlands | 1.93 (1.34–2.78) | < 0.001 |
 Greece vs. the Netherlands | 4.71 (3.11–7.13) | < 0.001 |
 Croatia vs. the Netherlands | 4.24 (2.94–6.12) | < 0.001 |
 United Kingdom vs. the Netherlands | 1.19 (0.85–1.63) | 0.323 |
Migration background (yes vs. no) | 0.90 (0.61–1.32) | 0.588 |
Education level | Â | 0.027 |
 Secondary or equivalent vs. primary or less | 1.58 (1.05–2.37) | 0.029 |
 Tertiary or higher vs. primary or less | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) | 0.631 |
Household composition (living alone vs. living with others) | 2.11 (1.68–2.66) | < 0.001 |
Alcohol risk (yes vs. no) | 0.76 (0.61–0.96) | 0.023 |
Physical activity (once a week or less vs. more than once a week) | 3.71 (2.88–4.77) | < 0.001 |
Smoking (yes vs. no) | 1.37(0.93–2.01) | 0.113 |
Multi-morbidity (yes vs. no) | 2.54 (1.69–3.81) | < 0.001 |
Medication risk (MRQ-10; score) | 1.33 (1.24–1.42) | < 0.001 |
Malnutrition (SNAQ-65+; yes vs. no) | 3.06 (2.22–4.22) | < 0.001 |