| |
Total (n = 2289)
|
Frailty
|
|---|
|
No (n = 1022, 44.6%)
|
Yes (n = 1267, 55.4%)
|
P-value
|
|---|
|
Age (years)
|
79.7 ± 5.7
|
78.8 ± 5.4
|
80.5 ± 5.7
|
< 0.001a
|
|
Sex, female
|
1379(60.4%)
|
503(49.3%)
|
876 (69.4%)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Country
|
|
Spain
|
500 (21.8%)
|
252 (24.7%)
|
248 (19.6%)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Greece
|
363 (15.9%)
|
133 (13.0%)
|
230 (18.2%)
|
|
Croatia
|
490 (21.4%)
|
126 (12.3%)
|
364 (28.7%)
|
|
The Netherlands
|
373 (16.3%)
|
213 (20.8%)
|
160 (12.6%)
|
|
United Kingdom
|
563 (24.6%)
|
298 (29.2%)
|
265 (20.9%)
|
|
Migration background, yes
|
194 (8.50%)
|
81 (7.90%)
|
113 (8.90%)
|
0.396b
|
|
Education level
|
|
Primary or less
|
621 (27.5%)
|
245 (24.3%)
|
376 (30.0%)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Secondary or equivalent
|
1430 (63.2%)
|
646 (64.0%)
|
784 (62.6%)
|
|
Tertiary or higher
|
211 (9.30%)
|
119 (11.8%)
|
92 (7.30%)
|
|
Household composition, living alone
|
876 (38.4%)
|
288 (28.3%)
|
588 (46.6%)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Alcohol risk, yes
|
582 (26.8%)
|
340 (34.6%)
|
242 (20.3%)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Physical activity
|
|
More than once a week
|
1628 (71.8%)
|
883 (87.2%)
|
745 (59.4%)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Once a week or less
|
640 (28.2%)
|
130(12.8%)
|
510(40.6%)
|
|
Smoking, yes
|
175 (7.70%)
|
74 (7.30%)
|
101 (8.00%)
|
0.528b
|
|
Multi-morbidity, yes
|
2083(91.1%)
|
868 (85.1%)
|
1215 (95.9)
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Medication risk (MRQ-10; score)
|
4.40 ± 1.64
|
4.06 ± 1.51
|
4.67 ± 1.68
|
< 0.001b
|
|
Malnutrition (SNAQ-65+), yes
|
356 (15.6)
|
76 (7.5%)
|
280 (22.3%)
|
< 0.001 b
|
- Presented as mean ± SD or N (%); Significant P-values (< 0.05) in bold
- Missing items: Age = 2; Sex =5; Education level = 27; Household composition =7; Alcohol risk =116; Physical activity =21; Smoking =5; Multi-morbidity =2; Medication risk = 26; Malnutrition = 12
- Abbreviations: SD standard deviation, MRQ-10 10 items of the Medication risk questionnaire, SNAQ-65+, Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire 65 +
- a P-values based on independent T test
- b P-values based on chi-square test
