Table 2 EQ-5D-5L index scores for older adults during the second lockdowns

All¹

2,829

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

-

253

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

2,576

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

Gender

0.009

  Female

1,924

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

202

0.82 (0.74–0.88)

1,722

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

  Male

905

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

51

0.84 (0.77–1)

854

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

Age

0.099

  55–64

1,256

0.80 (0.7–0.88)

102

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

1,154

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

  65–74

1,172

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

115

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

1,057

0.80 (0.71–0.88)

  75–84

354

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

33

0.84 (0.74–1)

321

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

  85+

47

0.74 (0.67–0.88)

3

0.74 (0.70–1)

44

0.73 (0.65–0.88)

SES

< 0.001

  1 (Most)

307

0.77 (0.98–0.85)

11

0.77 (0.74–0.84)

296

0.77 (0.68–0.85)

  2

549

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

50

0.84 (0.72–0.88)

499

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

  3

517

0.77 (0.72–0.88)

57

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

460

0.77 (0.72–0.88)

  4

461

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

66

0.82 (0.74–0.88)

395

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

  5 (least)

966

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

69

0.84 (0.77–0.88)

897

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

  Unknown

29

0.77 (0.75–0.88)

-

-

29

0.77 (0.75–0.88)

Relationship status

< 0.001

  Never married

200

0.77 (0.72–0.88)

23

0.88 (0.77–1)

177

0.77 (0.71–0.85)

  Married/De facto

1,842

0.82 (0.74–0.88)

151

0.84 (0.75–0.88)

1,691

0.81 (0.74–0.88)

  Divorced/ Separated but not divorced

507

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

51

0.77 (0.71–1)

456

0.77 (0.69–0.88)

  Widowed

278

0.77 (0.70–0.85)

28

0.80 (0.70–0.88)

250

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

  Unknown

2

0.73 (0.73–0.74)

-

-

2

0.73 (0.73–0.74)

Country of Birth

0.016

  Australia

2,101

0.79 (0.72–0.88)

201

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

1,900

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

  Other/Unknown

728

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

52

0.83 (0.72–0.88)

679

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

Education

< 0.001

  Secondary School

521

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

40

0.84 (0.74–0.89)

481

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

  Trade qualification

125

0.77 (0.67–0.84)

5

0.77 (0.74–0.84)

120

0.77 (0.67–0.84)

  Certificate

258

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

21

0.84 (0.72–0.88)

237

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

  Diploma

565

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

59

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

506

0.77 (0.72–0.88)

  Bachelor’s Degree

667

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

54

0.78 (0.74–1)

613

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

  Post-graduate degree

693

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

74

0.84 (0.77–0.88)

619

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

Government benefits

< 0.001

  Yes

1,233

0.77 (0.68–0.85)

119

0.80 (0.71–0.88)

1,114

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

  No

1,595

0.84 (0.75–1)

134

0.84 (0.77–0.88)

1,461

0.84 (0.75–1)

  Unknown

1

1

-

-

1

1

Aged care services

< 0.001

  Yes

148

0.69 (0.58–0.77)

14

0.72 (0.64–0.74)

134

0.68 (0.57–0.77)

  No

2,677

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

238

0.84 (0.75–0.88)

2,439

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

  Unknown

4

1 (0.90–1)

1

1

3

1 (0.80–1)

Health status

  Chronic heart disease

< 0.001

  Yes

209

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

15

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

194

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

  No

2,620

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

238

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

2,382

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

Diabetes

< 0.001

  Yes

279

0.77 (0.80–0.84)

21

0.74 (0.70–0.82)

258

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

  No

2,550

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

232

0.84 (0.75–0.89)

2,318

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

Stroke

< 0.001

  Yes

70

0.75 (0.64–0.84)

5

0.84 (0.63–0.84)

65

0.74 (0.64–0.84)

  No

2,759

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

248

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

2,511

0.80 (0.72–0.88)

Sight impairment

< 0.001

  Yes

653

0.77 (0.69–0.84)

67

0.77 (0.71–0.85)

586

0.77 (0.69–0.84)

  No

2,176

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

186

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

1,993

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

Hearing impairment

< 0.001

  Yes

520

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

44

0.76 (0.66–0.84)

476

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

  No

2,309

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

209

0.84 (0.75–0.88)

2,100

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

COPD

< 0.001

  Yes

125

0.73 (0.63–0.81)

6

0.64 (0.58–0.71)

119

0.74 (0.63–0.83)

  No

2,704

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

247

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

2,457

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

High blood pressure

< 0.001

  Yes

1,103

0.77 (0.70–0.85)

86

0.83 (0.74–0.88)

1,017

0.77 (0.70–0.84)

  No

1,726

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

167

0.84 (0.74–1)

1,559

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

Asthma

< 0.001

  Yes

395

0.77 (0.69–0.84)

37

0.77 (0.71–0.84)

358

0.77 (0.69–0.84)

  No

2,434

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

216

0.84 (0.74–0.95)

2,218

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

Depression/ Anxiety

< 0.001

  Yes

597

0.73 (0.64–0.77)

60

0.74 (0.65–0.82)

537

0.73 (0.64–0.77)

  No

2,232

0.84 (0.74–1)

193

0.84 (0.77–1)

2,039

0.84 (0.74–1)

Covid-19 has had a positive impact on my personal relationships

< 0.001

  Strongly disagree

288

0.75 (0.65–0.84)

37

0.77 (0.66–0.84)

251

0.75 (0.65–0.84)

  Disagree

555

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

36

0.82 (0.75–0.88)

519

0.77 (0.68–0.88)

  Neutral

1,074

0.84 (0.74–1)

90

0.84 (0.75–1)

984

0.84 (0.74–1)

  Agree

616

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

60

0.84 (0.75–0.88)

556

0.80 (0.74–0.88)

  Strongly agree

246

0.84 (0.74–1)

28

0.85 (0.77–0.88)

218

0.84 (0.74–1)

  Not sure

15

0.68 (0.53–0.83)

1

0.24

14

0.68 (0.53–083)

  Missing

35

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

1

0.74

34

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

Covid-19 has had a positive impact on my social relationships

< 0.001

  Strongly disagree

330

0.75 (0.65–0.84)

37

0.77 (0.70–0.85)

293

0.75 (0.65–0.84

  Disagree

833

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

72

0.84 (0.77–0.88)

761

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

  Neutral

844

0.84 (0.75–1)

55

0.84 (0.76–1)

789

0.84 (0.74–1)

  Agree

601

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

64

0.84 (0.74–0.94)

537

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

  Strongly agree

178

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

21

0.77 (0.73–0.88)

157

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

  Not sure

12

0.70 (0.68–0.84)

3

0.84 90.66–1)

9

0.70 (0.68–0.77)

  Missing

31

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

1

0.74

30

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

Covid-19 has had a positive impact on my mental health

< 0.001

  Strongly disagree

338

0.75 (0.64–0.84)

42

0.77 (0.65–0.84)

296

0.75 (0.63–0.84)

  Disagree

921

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

81

0.84 (0.75–0.88)

840

0.77 (0.69–0.88)

  Neutral

1,126

0.84 (0.77–0.84)

82

0.84 (0.80–1)

1,044

0.84 (0.77–1)

  Agree

286

0.80 (0.74–0.91)

37

0.77 (0.68–1)

249

0.80 (0.74–0.91)

  Strongly agree

101

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

8

0.84 (0.76–0.88)

93

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

  Not sure

19

0.77 (0.68–0.88)

2

0.82 (0.64–1)

17

0.77 (0.68–0.88)

  Missing

38

0.82 (0.71–0.91)

1

0.74

37

0.84 (0.71–0.91)

Covid-19 has had a positive impact on my physical health

< 0.001

  Strongly disagree

301

0.75 (0.65–0.84)

36

0.77 (0.66–0.86)

265

0.75 (0.65–0.84)

  Disagree

826

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

69

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

757

0.77 (0.68–0.84)

  Neutral

991

0.84 (0.75–1)

68

0.84 (0.77–1)

923

0.84 (0.74–1)

  Agree

481

0.84 (0.77–0.91)

52

0.84 (0.77–1)

429

0.84 (0.75–0.91)

  Strongly agree

183

0.84 (0.74–1)

26

0.84 (0.68–0.88)

157

0.84 (0.75–1)

  Not sure

10

0.70 (0.68–0.84)

1

1

9

0.70 (0.68–0.77)

  Missing

37

0.80 (0.71–0.88)

1

0.74

36

0.82 (0.71–0.89)

Covid-19 has had a positive impact on my lifestyle

< 0.001

  Strongly disagree

324

0.75 (0.66–0.84)

36

0.76 (0.65–0.84)

288

0.75 (0.66–0.84)

  Disagree

861

0.77 (0.70–0.88)

79

0.77 (0.72–0.88)

782

0.77 (0.69–0.88)

  Neutral

952

0.84 (0.75–1)

69

0.84 (0.77–1)

883

0.84 (0.74–1)

  Agree

482

0.84 (0.74–0.88)

46

0.85 (0.77–1)

436

0.81 (0.74–0.88)

  Strongly agree

161

0.77 (0.72–0.88)

21

0.77 (0.71–0.88)

140

0.77 (0.73–0.88)

  Not sure

12

0.70 (0.59–0.77)

1

0.64

11

0.70 (0.53–0.80)

  Missing

37

0.84 (0.74–0.91)

1

0.74

36

0.84 (0.73–0.95)