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Table 3 Independent and interaction effects of previous falls and fear of falling on developing activity limitations by sex

From: Fear of falling is as important as multiple previous falls in terms of limiting daily activities: a longitudinal study

Variables

Stratified Analysis

IRR [95%CI]

Analysis with Interaction Term

IRR [95%CI]

Male

Female

 

Mobility

 One Fall

1.24 [0.92,1.67]

0.88 [0.62,1.25]

1.09 [0.87,1.37]

 Multiple Falls

1.67 [1.14,2.45]**

1.83 [1.23,2.74]**

1.72 [1.30,2.28]***

 Fear of Falling

2.07 [1.58,2.71]***

1.59 [1.10,2.30]*

1.53 [1.07,2.18]*

 Fear of Falling*Sex

  

1.33 [0.86,2.04]

Self-care activities

 One Fall

0.95 [0.79,1.13]

0.96 [0.80,1.16]

0.96 [0.84,1.09]

 Multiple Falls

1.49 [1.22,1.82]***

1.27 [0.96,1.68]

1.40 [1.19,1.66]***

 Fear of Falling

1.50 [1.24,1.81]***

1.05 [0.87,1.28]

1.01 [0.84,1.22]

 Fear of Falling*Sex

  

1.50 [1.16,1.94]**

Household activities

 One Fall

1.32 [0.98,1.77]

1.00 [0.74,1.36]

1.15 [0.93,1.42]

 Multiple Falls

1.29 [0.84,1.98]

1.56 [1.05,2.32]*

1.39 [1.03,1.86]*

 Fear of Falling

2.10 [1.60,2.76]***

0.98 [0.67,1.44]

0.90 [0.62,1.32]

 Fear of Falling*Sex

  

2.36 [1.51,3.71]***

  1. * IRR incidence rate ratio; * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001
  2. Stratified analysis: demographic covariates (age, education, race/ethnicity, living arrangement), health-related covariates (BMI, number of chronic illnesses, hospitalizations, depression, cognitive function), and behavioral covariates (smoking and vigorous activities)
  3. Analysis with interaction terms: demographic covariates (age, sex education, race/ethnicity, living arrangement), health-related covariates (BMI, number of chronic illnesses, hospitalizations, depression, cognitive function), and behavioral covariates (smoking and vigorous activities)