Table 1 Sample characteristics by previous falls and fear of falling status in Year 1 (n, %)
 Variables | All | Previous Falls in Year 1 | Fear of Falling in Year 1 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | One fall | Multiple falls | P value | No | Yes | P value | ||
Age (y) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.238 | Â | Â | 0.039 |
 65-79 | 719 (83.2) | 588 (81.8) | 96 (13.4) | 35 (4.9) |  | 659 (91.7) | 60 (8.3) |  |
 80-90+ | 145 (16.8) | 126 (86.9) | 12 (8.3) | 7 (4.8) |  | 125 (86.2) | 20 (13.8) |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.106 | Â | Â | 0.012 |
 Female | 371 (42.9) | 295 (79.5) | 54 (14.6) | 22 (5.9) |  | 326 (87.9) | 45 (12.1) |  |
 Male | 493 (57.1) | 419 (85.0) | 54 (11.0) | 20 (4.1) |  | 458 (92.9) | 35 (7.1) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.104 | Â | Â | 0.180 |
 Less than high school | 133 (15.5) | 106 (79.7) | 20 (15.0) | 7 (5.3) |  | 125 (94.0) | 8 (6.0) |  |
 High school graduates | 209 (24.3) | 173 (82.8) | 32 (15.3) | 4 (1.91) |  | 184 (88.0) | 25 (12.0) |  |
 Some college or vocational school | 195 (22.7) | 169 (86.7) | 16 (8.2) | 10 (5.1) |  | 174 (89.2) | 21 (10.8) |  |
 Bachelor or higher | 322 (37.5) | 262 (81.4) | 40 (12.4) | 20 (6.2) |  | 297 (92.2) | 25 (7.8) |  |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.079 | Â | Â | 0.083 |
 White, non-Hispanic | 683 (79.1) | 562 (82.3) | 84 (12.3) | 37 (5.4) |  | 618 (90.5) | 65 (9.5) |  |
 Black, non-Hispanic | 127 (14.7) | 111 (87.4) | 14 (11.0) | 2 (1.6) |  | 121 (95.3) | 6 (4.7) |  |
 Hispanic | 30 (3.5) | 23 (76.7) | 7 (23.3) | 0 |  | 25 (83.3) | 5 (16.7) |  |
 Indian/Asian/Native/Hawaii/Other | 24 (2.8) | 18 (75.0) | 3 (12.5) | 3 (12.5) |  | 20 (83.3) | 4 (16.7) |  |
Living | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.435 | Â | Â | 0.317 |
 Alone | 220 (25.6) | 182 (82.7) | 29 (13.2) | 9 (4.1) |  | 197 (89.6) | 23 (10.5) |  |
 With spouse/partner only | 482 (56.1) | 394 (81.7) | 62 (12.9) | 26 (5.4) |  | 442 (91.7) | 40 (8.3) |  |
 With others only | 77 (9.0) | 61 (79.2) | 10 (13.0) | 6 (7.8) |  | 66 (85.7) | 11 (14.3) |  |
 With spouse/partner and with others | 81 (9.4) | 73 (90.1) | 7 (8.6) | 1 (1.2) |  | 75 (92.6) | 6 (7.4) |  |
BMI | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.619 | Â | Â | 0.123 |
 Normal | 660 (77.5) | 542 (82.1) | 85 (12.9) | 33 (5.0) |  | 605 (91.7) | 55 (8.3) |  |
 Obesity | 192 (22.5) | 163 (84.9) | 22 (11.5) | 7 (3.7) |  | 169 (88.0) | 23 (12.0) |  |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.046 | Â | Â | 0.572 |
 No | 796 (92.1) | 664 (83.2) | 93 (11.7) | 39 (4.9) |  | 721 (90.6) | 75 (9.4) |  |
 Yes | 68 (7.9) | 50 (73.5) | 15 (22.1) | 3 (4.4) |  | 63 (92.7) | 5 (7.4) |  |
Vigorous activities | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.643 | Â | Â | 0.179 |
 No | 392 (45.4) | 321 (81.9) | 49 (12.5) | 22 (5.6) |  | 350 (89.3) | 42 (10.7) |  |
 Yes | 472 (54.6) | 393 (83.3) | 59 (12.5) | 20 (4.2) |  | 434 (92.0) | 38 (8.1) |  |
Number of chronic illnesses | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.334 | Â | Â | 0.043 |
 No disease | 157 (18.2) | 135 (86.0) | 14 (8.9) | 8 (5.1) |  | 149 (94.9) | 8 (5.1) |  |
 1~3 | 601 (69.6) | 493 (82.0) | 82 (13.6) | 26 (4.3) |  | 544 (90.5) | 57 (9.5) |  |
 ≥ 4 | 106 (12.3) | 86 (81.1) | 12 (11.3) | 8 (7.6) |  | 91 (85.9) | 15 (14.2) |  |
Hospitalization | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.213 | Â | Â | 0.872 |
 No hospitalization | 762 (88.2) | 636 (83.5) | 91 (11.9) | 35 (4.6) |  | 691 (90.7) | 71 (9.3) |  |
 At least one hospitalization | 102 (11.8) | 78 (76.5) | 17 (16.7) | 7 (6.9) |  | 93 (91.2) | 9 (8.8) |  |
Depression | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.006 | Â | Â | 0.292 |
 No depression | 809 (93.9) | 676 (83.6) | 93 (11.5) | 40 (4.9) |  | 737 (91.1) | 72 (8.9) |  |
 Depression | 53 (6.2) | 37 (69.8) | 14 (26.4) | 2 (3.8) |  | 46 (86.8) | 7 (13.2) |  |
Cognitive function | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.877 | Â | Â | 0.339 |
 No dementia | 789 (91.3) | 650 (82.4) | 99 (12.6) | 40 (5.1) |  | 718 (91) | 71 (9) |  |
 Possible dementia | 60 (6.9) | 51 (85) | 7 (11.7) | 2 (3.33) |  | 54 (90) | 6 (10) |  |
 Probable dementia | 15 (1.7) | 13 (86.7) | 2 (13.3) | 0 |  | 12 (80) | 3 (20) |  |