Table 3 Patient characteristics by quartile categorization

Age (years), median (IQR)

83 (79–86)

83 (76–86)

85 (80–88)

85 (81–88)

< 0.001

Male sex, n (%)

126 (68.1)

125 (67.6)

144 (77.8)

132 (71.4)

0.110

Living alone, n (%)

8 (4.3)

6 (3.2)

10 (5.4)

7 (3.8)

0.758

Married, n (%)

160 (86.5)

155 (83.8)

153 (82.7)

142 (76.8)

0.091

Education, n (%)

Illiteracy or primary school

17 (9.2)

31 (16.8)

27 (14.6)

36 (19.5)

Middle school

24 (13.0)

31 (16.8)

39 (21.1)

39 (21.1)

0.002

High school or above

144 (77.8)

123 (66.5)

119 (64.3)

110 (59.5)

Alcohol abuse, n (%)

149 (20.1)

84 (19.5)

65(21.0)

33 (17.8)

0.285

Smoker, n (%)

57 (30.8)

71 (38.4)

72 (38.9)

83 (44.9)

0.050

Vision impairment, n (%)

61 (33.0)

57 (30.8)

66 (35.7)

59 (31.9)

0.778

Hearing impairment, n (%)

53 (28.6)

58 (31.4)

58 (31.4)

60 (32.4)

0.879

Cognitive impairment, n (%)

33 (17.8)

41 (22.2)

68 (36.8)

92 (49.7)

< 0.001

Emergency admission, n (%)

5 (2.7)

14 (7.6)

27 (14.6)

51 (27.6)

< 0.001

Barthel index, median (IQR)

95 (75–100)

90 (65–100)

80 (47–95)

55 (35–80)

< 0.001

CCI, n (%)

Mild (≤ 2)

152 (82.2)

151 (81.6)

141 (76.2)

122 (65.9)

Moderate (3–4)

28 (15.1)

28 (15.1)

38 (20.5)

42 (22.7)

< 0.001

Severe (≥ 5)

5 (2.7)

6 (3.2)

6 (3.2)

21 (11.4)

NLR, median (IQR)

1.6 (1.3–1.8)

2.6 (2.3–2.8)

4.0 (3.5–4.9)

8.3 (7.1–12.3)

< 0.001

Neutrophil count (10⁹/L), median (IQR)

2.9 (2.3–3.6)

3.7 (3.0-4.5)

4.7 (3.8–5.4)

6.6 (5.3-9.0)

< 0.001

Lymphocyte count (10⁹/L), median (IQR)

1.9 (1.5–2.4)

1.5 (1.2–1.8)

1.2 (0.9–1.4)

0.7 (0.6-1.0)

< 0.001

Delirium, n (%)

8 (4.3)

10 (5.4)

37 (20.0)

46 (24.9)

< 0.001