Association between primary caregiver type and mortality among Chinese older adults with disability: a prospective cohort study

Table 4 Association between caregiver type and all-cause mortality among married and widowed Chinese older adults by sex

Sex of care receiver	Caregiver type	Multivariable adjusted with interaction term in sex and type
Sex of care receiver	Caregiver type	Count	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Female	Married (N = 89)
	Spouse	37	Ref.
	Son/daughter-in-law	28	0.90 (0.48, 1.76)	.763
	Daughter/son-in-law	19	0.95 (0.42, 2.04)	.907
	Widowed (N = 3076)
	Son/daughter-in-law	1880	Ref.
	Daughter/son-in-law	684	0.88 (0.79, 0.98)	.019
	Grandchildren	330	0.90 (0.78, 1.04)	.152
	Domestic helper	182	0.99 (0.82, 1.23)	.929
Male	Married (N = 271)
	Spouse	145	Ref.
	Son/daughter-in-law	78	1.64 (1.18, 2.30)	.004
	Daughter/son-in-law	28	1.68 (0.97, 2.92)	.065
	Widowed (N = 842)
	Son/daughter-in-law	550	Ref.
	Daughter/son-in-law	168	0.88 (0.70, 1.10)	.271
	Grandchildren	67	0.67 (0.48, 0.93)	.018
	Domestic helper	57	0.79 (0.54, 1.17)	.234

Abbreviations: HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, ADL Activity of daily living
Notes: Other caregiver types (including other relatives, neighbours, social services, and nobody) were excluded due to small sample sizes
Adjusted variables include age, number of ADL disability, residence (urban vs. rural), co-residence (living with children vs. not living with children), education years, financial independence (yes vs. no), self-rated health (very good/good/so-so/bad/very bad), number of chronic conditions, cognitive impaired (MMSE< 18), and caregiving quality

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