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Table 5 Factors for self-confidence to live alone (N = 936)

From: Factors Related to Self-Confidence to Live Alone in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Variables

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

B

SE

ß

p

B

SE

ß

p

B

SE

ß

p

Constant

4.097

.495

 

<.001

6.778

.507

 

<.001

6.502

.616

 

<.001

General characteristics

 Educational level (ref. < middle school)

0.252

.213

.039

.237

0.075

.197

.012

.380

0.082

.196

.013

.677

 Personal income (KRW/month)

6.122E-7

< .001

.081

.016

3.056E-7

< .001

.040

.188

2.398E-7

< .001

.032

.294

 Participation in economic activity (ref. <  3–4 times/week)

0.656

.225

.095

.004

0.483

.207

.070

.020

0.379

.204

.055

.064

 Wall cracks at home (ref. yes)

0.023

.263

−.003

.929

−0.081

.239

−.011

.736

0.005

.236

.001

.983

 Mould exposure at home (ref. yes)

1.074

.231

−.163

< .001

0.746

.212

.113

< .001

0.686

.209

.104

.001

Health-related characteristics

 IADL (ref. Independent)

   

−0.981

.235

−.127

< .001

−0.872

.233

−.113

< .001

 Number of comorbidities

  

−0.048

.039

−.038

.215

−0.043

.038

−.034

.264

 Depression (ref. normal)

   

−2.056

.186

−.340

< .001

−1.579

.199

−.261

< .001

 Falls (times/year)

   

−0.128

.063

−.060

.041

−0.100

.062

−.047

.107

 ED visit (times/year)

   

−0.388

.135

−.085

.004

−0.359

.133

−.079

.007

Social characteristics

 Participation in social activity (ref. <  3–4 times/week)

    

0.192

.181

.032

.290

 Interactions with family members (ref. <  1–2 times/month)

   

0.453

.203

.068

.026

 Interactions with neighbours (ref. < 1−2 times/month)

   

−0.282

.277

−.034

.308

 Public service utilisation (ref. ≥ 1)

      

0.415

.178

.069

.020

 Social support (ref. Good or Fair)

      

−0.659

.206

−.108

.001

 Loneliness (ref. ≤ Moderate)

      

−0.590

.244

−.088

.016

R2 (Δ R2)

.051 (.051)

.222 (.171)

.257 (.035)

Adjusted R2

.046

.213

.244

Δ F (p)

9.937 (< .001)

26.347 (< .001)

19.869 (< .001)

  1. SE Standard error, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, ED Emergency department, KRW Korean Won
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