Table 2 Questionnaire responses of subjects
Activity Items | PA frequency (times/month) | P^ | Balance confidence (0–100) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Elderly | Stroke | SCI | Elderly | Stroke | SCI | P^ | ||
D4 Mobility | ||||||||
Sitting-to-standing | 390 ± 232 | 732 ± 899 | 207 ± 188 | .113 | 99 ± 3 | 86 ± 21 | 50 ± 45 | .002 |
Lying-to-sitting | 78 ± 55 | 303 ± 450 | 213 ± 142 | .202 | 100 ± 0 | 90 ± 18 | 99 ± 3 | .061 |
Bending down-up | 285 ± 432 | 378 ± 925 | 60 ± 105 | .478 | 97 ± 7 | 54 ± 40 | 28 ± 44 | .001 |
Squatting down-up | 159 ± 267 | 36 ± 66 | 0 ± 0 | .082 | 100 ± 0 | 67 ± 40 | 28 ± 44 | .000 |
Kneeling down-up | 9 ± 28 | 6 ± 18 | 0 ± 0 | .590 | 100 ± 0 | 67 ± 40 | 28 ± 44 | .000 |
Sitting activities@ | 1494 ± 730 | 1926 ± 857 | 936 ± 500 | .016 | 100 ± 0 | 100 ± 2 | 88 ± 20 | .045 |
Standing activities@ | 1620 ± 704 | 1152 ± 636 | 141 ± 145 | .000 | 98 ± 4 | 100 ± 2 | 48 ± 45 | .000 |
Squatting activities@ | 296 ± 438 | 42 ± 75 | 0 ± 0 | .033 | 98 ± 6 | 70 ± 42 | 20 ± 38 | .000 |
Transferring while sitting | 69 ± 61 | 204 ± 464 | 159 ± 162 | .569 | 99 ± 3 | 80 ± 37 | 56 ± 49 | .039 |
Lifting and carrying objects | 231 ± 184 | 33 ± 60 | 6 ± 18 | .000 | 99 ± 3 | 56 ± 45 | 23 ± 35 | .000 |
Walking long distances* | 18 ± 11 | 2 ± 4 | 0 ± 0 | .000 | 97 ± 7 | 69 ± 30 | 69 ± 30 | .000 |
Walking short distances@ | 177 ± 227 | 98 ± 135 | 10 ± 26 | .070 | 100 ± 0 | 85 ± 34 | 32 ± 44 | .000 |
Walking on slope | 71 ± 101 | 13 ± 18 | 0 ± 0 | .029 | 100 ± 0 | 83 ± 30 | 30 ± 44 | .000 |
Walking on wet ground | 34 ± 55 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .033 | 93 ± 11 | 79 ± 29 | 24 ± 32 | .000 |
Walking on uneven ground | 15 ± 35 | 11 ± 15 | 0 ± 0 | .303 | 93 ± 11 | 78 ± 29 | 24 ± 32 | .000 |
Walking on mobile ground | 2 ± 3 | 2 ± 3 | 0 ± 0 | .170 | 87 ± 14 | 72 ± 28 | 21 ± 28 | .000 |
Walking around obstacles | 22 ± 33 | 3 ± 7 | 0 ± 0 | .040 | 95 ± 11 | 81 ± 30 | 28 ± 39 | .000 |
Climbing up and down | 120 ± 70 | 30 ± 37 | 0 ± 0 | .000 | 100 ± 0 | 77 ± 31 | 28 ± 39 | .000 |
Running | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | – | 100 ± 0 | 59 ± 25 | 24 ± 33 | .000 |
Jumping | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | – | 76 ± 14 | 56 ± 23 | 23 ± 31 | .000 |
Sitting in a wheelchair@ | 0 ± 0 | 90 ± 142 | 93 ± 137 | .235 | 100 ± 0 | 100 ± 0 | 99 ± 3 | .341 |
Riding bike | 6 ± 8 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .007 | 78 ± 42 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .000 |
Driving motorized vehicles | 3 ± 9 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .381 | 60 ± 52 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .000 |
Using transportation | 8 ± 17 | 1 ± 4 | 1 ± 1 | .221 | 100 ± 0 | 78 ± 37 | 65 ± 46 | .085 |
D5 Self-Care | ||||||||
Washing oneself | 12 ± 9 | 12 ± 11 | 7 ± 5 | .269 | 99 ± 3 | 89 ± 28 | 70 ± 28 | .031 |
Toileting | 189 ± 42 | 144 ± 61 | 75 ± 104 | .007 | 100 ± 0 | 89 ± 31 | 71 ± 20 | .019 |
Putting on-off coats | 84 ± 41 | 72 ± 28 | 102 ± 63 | .371 | 100 ± 0 | 90 ± 32 | 95 ± 11 | .519 |
Putting on-off trousers | 72 ± 25 | 69 ± 20 | 72 ± 25 | .948 | 100 ± 0 | 90 ± 32 | 94 ± 16 | .551 |
Putting on-off footwear | 72 ± 25 | 72 ± 28 | 123 ± 78 | .047 | 100 ± 0 | 90 ± 32 | 90 ± 18 | .476 |
D6 Domestic life | ||||||||
Preparing meals | 43 ± 36 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .000 | 99 ± 3 | 56 ± 45 | 22 ± 36 | .000 |
Tidying up dishes | 53 ± 31 | 7 ± 18 | 0 ± 0 | .000 | 100 ± 0 | 53 ± 44 | 22 ± 36 | .000 |
Cleaning cooking area | 54 ± 29 | 7 ± 18 | 0 ± 0 | .000 | 99 ± 3 | 71 ± 39 | 25 ± 40 | .000 |
Washing clothes | 11 ± 12 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .002 | 100 ± 0 | 85 ± 8 | 72 ± 22 | .000 |
Drying clothes | 23 ± 12 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .000 | 98 ± 5 | 100 ± 2 | 48 ± 45 | .000 |
Cleaning living area | 16 ± 12 | 3 ± 9 | 0 ± 0 | .001 | 99 ± 3 | 71 ± 39 | 25 ± 40 | .000 |
Taking care of animals | 12 ± 28 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .199 | 98 ± 6 | 54 ± 40 | 28 ± 44 | .000 |
Assisting others’ self-care | 3 ± 9 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | .381 | 92 ± 6 | 46 ± 33 | 14 ± 30 | .000 |
Assisting others’ movement | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | – | 92 ± 6 | 26 ± 25 | 14 ± 30 | .000 |
D9 Community, Social and Civic life | ||||||||
Non-contact sports | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | – | 97 ± 7 | 65 ± 30 | 23 ± 35 | .000 |
Contact sports | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | 0 ± 0 | – | 87 ± 12 | 61 ± 27 | 18 ± 27 | .000 |